核武器

Remembering Hiroshima and Nagasaki, 75 Years After

08.05.20 | 3分钟阅读 | 文字Matt Korda&汉斯·克里斯滕森

七十五年前，美国对日本广岛和长崎城市进行了两次核袭击，摧毁了他们的人口并破坏了他们的基础设施。

In the process of manufacturing and testing the nuclear weapons that would eventually be used on Hiroshima and Nagasaki, civilians within downwind communities, nuclear workers, uranium miners and their families, and military personnel were also exposed to harmful and sometimes deadly levels of ionizing radiation. Following their use in Japan, the production and past testing of nuclear weapons in the United States and internationally continues to harm the health, environment, and cultures of communities around the world.

在美国，我们通常被告知，为了结束第二次世界大战并挽救了额外的生命，制造和丢弃这些核弹是“必要的”。正如几位著名历史学家广泛详细介绍的那样，这种叙述是简单化和与历史无关的: the bombs were never intended to take the place of an invasion, and it is not even clear that they directly brought about the end of the war in the way that is often portrayed.Primary documentsshow that the commonly-taught narrative about the two atomic bombings can be easily deconstructed. Additionally, these nuclear bombings followed devastating conventional firebombings of Japanese cities that werespecifically designed to target civilians and infrastructure.

七十五年后，我们纪念了核袭击和他们造成的难以言喻的人类苦难，这使我们想起了核武器的独特破坏性能力，以及确保它们再也不会被愤怒地使用的重要性。

为了表彰这个75周年，美国科学家联合会很荣幸加入coalition核武器组织和幸存者呼吁我们的领导人采取必要的行动，以确保再也不会使用核武器并真诚地谈判全球消除这些最毁灭性的大规模杀伤性武器。

正如我们的联盟声明所说，

Today, we are living in a time of extraordinary nuclear dangers. Vital international agreements to reduce and control nuclear weapons worldwide are being abandoned. Budgets for the development and production of new nuclear weapons are growing. Tensions among nuclear-armed nations are rising to levels not seen since the Cold War.

As the mayors of Hiroshima and Nagasaki警告：“我们为纪念hibakusha的认罪并结束核威胁而努力艰难。”

As the only country to use nuclear weapons in conflict, the United States has a moral obligation to lead the world in ending this menace and restoring communities impacted by nuclear weapons.

People created these weapons and designed the systems governing their use; people can work to eliminate them.

As we wrote on the 75th anniversary of the Trinity test,we are trending in the wrong direction.尽管CO以来减少了LD战争，there are still more than 13,000 nuclear weapons in the world，every nuclear-armed country is currently in the midst ofmodernizing their nuclear arsenals. Disturbingly, bilateral and multilateral arms control agreements have fallen away or are currently under severe stress. Most immediately concerning is New START, which effectively limits US and Russian strategic warhead and launcher deployments, but expires in February 2021. As we have written,New START extension is a no-brainer: Russia and the United States can extend the New START treaty by up to 5 more years. It is essential both sides act responsibly and do so to preserve this essential agreement.

The Federation of American Scientists is honored to provide the world with the best non-classified estimates of the nuclear weapons arsenals. We are grateful for the financial support from the New Land Foundation, MacArthur Foundation, Ploughshares Fund, and the Prospect Hill Foundation to do this work. To explore this vast data, developed over many decades, start这里.