第118届大会:教育与劳动力
在全球在新兴技术方面的竞争,日益增加的自动化和人工智能的采用以及大流行颠覆的经济和国家安全趋势中,美国正面临着世代相传的挑战。在劳动力市场中,曾经是未来铸造产物的主要转变现在正好在我们身上,要求采取战略方法来帮助现代劳动力适应,并确保教育体系促进下一代创新者。
Individuals in the STEM workforce have made substantial contributions to the nation’s innovation, growth and technological competitiveness, and will continue to be at the core of the economy. According to the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, STEM employment is projected to increase by从2020年到2030年11%. The Department of Defense and leading experts agree that the future of national security relies on advanced technologies such as人工智能(AI),网络安全,量子计算和机器人技术, all of which require a strong STEM education pipeline. Unfortunately, STEM education trends in the United States have not kept up.According to the World Economic Forum,中国在2016年有470万STEM毕业生,印度有260万STEM毕业生,但美国有568,000。最新的国家教育进步评估(NAEP)结果报告说,9岁学生的平均得分在2020年至2022年之间下降了7个百分点,代表十年的后滑行. And a2021National Academies reviewfinds that only 22 percent of American high school graduates are proficient in science, with the average elementary classroom devoting less than 20 minutes per day to science, and 69% of elementary teachers say they are not well prepared to teach science.
第118大会必须在经济和教育要求的历史性融合中行动。正如国家曾经围绕其爆发时刻和太空竞赛而集会的那样,我们现在有机会通过一系列战略投资来扭转当前的教育和劳动力趋势。
促进竞争激烈的就业市场和强大的经济.The United States built the 20th century in part through investments in education and training pathways to quality, economically-sound jobs. But today, according to最近的麦肯锡全球研究所对750名高管的调查,近30%的受访者认为技能差距是他们公司面临的最大挑战。
为了帮助美国工人适应和提高技能,国会和联邦机构应为高科技特定部门特定的劳动力实施培训和过渡策略,例如量子计算,清洁能源过渡,或半导体,以及美国筹码劳动力和教育基金包括《筹码与科学法》。国会还应通过重新授权和现代化联邦注册的学徒制. Similarly, effective government programs such asthe Trade Adjustment Assistance Program should be revisited和reformed to promote worker upskilling and assistance. Congress should also ensure robust appropriations for theWorkforce Innovation Fund由《劳动力创新与机会法》(WIOA)授权。
Further, the modern labor market calls for still bolder reimagining of workforce training opportunities. Just as the nation recognizes the value to national security, energy, and health presented by the Advanced Research Projects Agency (ARPA) model, so too should we adapt this model to prioritize worker training at scale throughARPA劳动.
在历史的背景下和争议从科技行业中的巨人裁员,国会应采取措施,以确保所有美国人的竞争劳动力市场,通过增加对过于限制的非披露协议和令人窒息的非竞争协议减少了劳动力流动性和竞争。
Strengthen STEM Education & Training Pipelines to Compete Globally.The ability of employers and workers to compete on the global stage is inextricably linked to the education and training students receive today. But as mentioned above, the system is slipping. TheU.S. Chamber of CommerceReportsReports报告说,我们的教育系统未能生产出具有关键STEM和技术技能的足够毕业生,而国际学生评估计划(PISA)的结果indicate that US students continue to lag behind their peers in East Asia and Europe in reading, math, and science. This stunts employers’ ability to hire and workers’ ability to secure higher-paying jobs.
Fortunately, Congress put STEM education reform at the core of the bipartisan CHIPS and Science Act, which authorizes new and expanded investments in STEM education and training at all schooling levels. One of the major priorities of the new Congress should be to follow through with full funding for CHIPS and Science education programs at NSF and other science agencies at authorized levels. This includes $2.5 billion in FY 2024, and $13 billion total over five years, for the NSF STEM Education directorate (see more details below). These programs scale up research and innovations in preK-12 instruction, in addition to bolstering support for R&D to improve STEM education at undergraduate and community colleges, and other scholarship & fellowship programs.
该法案还要求NSF通过增加每年支持的科学和工程研究生研究员的数量,增加成本教育津贴,并招募更多样化的申请人来更新研究生研究奖学金计划(GRFP)。正如特朗普政府总统科学技术顾问委员会(PCAST)推荐的那样,扩大NSF研究生研究奖学金计划是一种逻辑且简单的方法,可以扩展和保留关键的美国创新管道。
To ensure today’s students catch up to their international peers (and that we are already looking ahead to the challenges of the next decade) the US must prioritize R&D in education in a manner similar to fields like medicine and commerce. This requires a strategic investment in the教育部的研究能力,以及basic data infrastructure that will allow parents and districts to understand how their students are faring与他们的国内和全球同行相比。
拨款建议
Full Funding for CHIPS and Science STEM Education.如上所述,国会有至关重要的机会在《筹码和科学法》授权的国家科学基金会(NSF)上投资STEM教育计划。这些计划支持重要的教师培训和与科学劳动力的合作,改善了课后计划中的STEM教育,以及通过高等教育计划使STEM领域多样化的专注。NSF STEM教育的全部授权在2024财年为25亿美元,其中包括以下顶级计划投资:
- 罗伯特·诺伊斯(Robert Noyce)教师奖学金计划为8040万美元,以支持STEM教育者;
- 为STEM学生和未来学者的NSF研究实习计划的6490万美元;
- $454.1 million for the Graduate Research Fellowship program for students earning advanced STEM degrees;
- 奖学金,学员和奖学金的80亿美元;
- 以及为教育和人力资源局运营和奖励管理的强大资金,以支持K-12,非正式和其他教育环境中既定的STEM计划
其他战略投资在经济安全方面。除了在筹码和科学领域制定的计划外,国会还可以做出的其他一些高杠杆投资。注意:前四个建议来自学习创新联盟,倡导基于研究的教育创新的联盟,FAS是成员。
- $900 million for the Institute of Education Sciences.IES研发的资金将有助于确定有前途的基于证据的实践,以抵消大流行引起的NAEP分数下降,尤其是在数学和阅读方面。IES拨款应在2024财年上涨至9亿美元,占2023财年增长11%。
- $514 million for the Education Innovation and Research program.EIR计划是支持STEM,社会和学术学习,教师发展和其他领域等领域的教育研究发展和规模的关键资源。在5.14亿美元的分配中,资金将支持项目,以识别和扩展基于证据的策略和实践,这些策略和实践强调了在学校一级的现有和新教育研究的创新实施,这可能会导致学生成果的增加。
- 用于变革性教育研究和翻译中心(CTERT)的1亿美元。The CHIPS and Science Act establishes the NSF Directorate for Technology, Innovation and Partnerships (TIP), which will prioritize new programs that support technology commercialization, regional innovation and workforce development. Congress should allocate an additional $100 million for the Centers for Transformative Education Research and Translation that will ensure support for emerging technology areas crucial for United States leadership.
- 全州纵向数据系统的1亿美元。全州纵向数据系统(SLDS)的承诺是确定可能需要干预的有前途的计划和差距。这些资金将支持向各州提供竞争性赠款奖励,以专注于现代化系统,并支持与劳动力部劳动力数据质量倡议(WDQI)投资在各州进行的投资的努力。
- 1.225亿美元用于劳工部的预算进行评估与研究。《劳动力创新与机会法》(WIOA)授权的评估与研究计划必须使用“适当而严格的方法论和研究设计”该计划解决了WIOA授权计划的总体效力和影响。国会应该装备DOL,以了解哪些劳动力干预措施实际上将为美国人提供21世纪技能的培训,并为我们的工人提供更明智的投资。
- $5 million to support the creation of a new STEM office at the Department of Education.教育部宣布有关新专门的员工和资源的宣布,以指导美国约5000万学生的STEM教育的未来,国会应适当地投资于这项努力的成功as a down payment on America’s future economic security.
- 21世纪社区学习中心的另外7.5亿美元。长期以来的两党优先事项,由21世纪社区学习中心支持的后教学和夏季学习计划为学生提供了安全的环境,这些环境通常提供真实的STEM学习机会,同时允许他们的父母继续工作。对该计划的额外投资将继续加强K12学生的STEM教育和当前的劳动力。
If the 118th Congress decides to reauthorize the ESRA, ALI urges the HELP committee to strengthen our education system by prioritizing the following policies.
大部分演出工人是有色人种,他们暂时和不受监管的工作的性质可能会使他们容易受到经济不稳定和工作场所虐待的影响。为了增加对公平工作的保护,劳动部应建立申诉专员的公平工作办公室。
孕产妇死亡是美国的危机。Biden-Harris政府应建立一个AI卓越中心,以将数据源汇总在一起,然后分析,诊断和解决孕产妇的健康差异,同时证明值得信赖和负责任的AI原则。
为了解决算法危害的问题,国家标准技术研究所(NIST)应投资于全面的AI审计工具的开发,而联邦机构负责保护民权和自由,应与NIST合作开发这些工具并推动这些工具并推动推动用于全面的系统审核。