最近的危机,例如大流行和俄罗斯 - 乌克兰战争,导致了化石燃料价格波动,并引起了国家对能源安全的关注。由于极端天气,全国停电的频率不断增长,这表明电网越来越脆弱和老化。现在的电网容量无法支持可以产生清洁,可靠,国内能源的可再生能源项目的快速部署。此外,随着全球竞争的增长,美国发现自己过于依赖外国制造和供应链,我们想要部署的这些技术。
In order to improve energy security, affordability, and reliability for everyday Americans, the 118th Congress should act decisively to strengthen our energy infrastructure while leveraging emerging energy technology for the energy system of the future. Below are some recommendations for action.
传输线。当前的美国电网是一个老化的基础设施成长缓慢和increasing vulnerability to threats from extreme weather and foreign attacks. The 118th Congress should implement policies to revitalize domestic manufacturing and construction, strengthen national energy security and reliability, and generate new jobs and economic growth. The $83 billion worth of planned transmission projects that the ISO/RTO Board has approved or recommended is projected to add $42 billion to U.S. GDP, create more than 400,000 well-paying jobs, and boost direct local spending by nearly $40 billion. However, the rate of construction for new transmission lines must substantially increase to fully harness the new energy economy and achieve ambitious emissions reductions.
高压直流电流(HVDC)传输线对于将可再生能源生产区域(例如西南和中西部)与高需求区域连接起来特别重要。在这些距离大于300英里的距离处,HVDC传输线以比交流线更少的损失传输功率。HVDC线路还可以避免AC输电线路开发的一些挑战,因为它们可以埋在地下,从而消除了居民对视觉污染的担忧,并避免了易受极端天气的脆弱性。此外,如果HVDC线沿现有的铁路走廊建造,它们的建设仅需要与七个主要的美国铁路公司进行谈判,而不是无数的私人土地所有者和联邦土地管理机构。国会通过指示DOE制定降低成本的HVDC Moonshot倡议,迈出了重要的第一步,以推进HVDC技术,作为2023财年的一部分综合比尔。现在,第118届国会可以通过与联邦能源监管委员会(FERC)合作,以消除监管障碍,以防止私营部门脱离该目标构建更多这些线路along existing corridors. Congress should also createfederal tax creditstostimulate domestic manufacturing and construction of HVDC transmission, 也传输线建设一般。
制造业。为了刺激国内制造能力并恢复清洁能源技术的竞争优势,第118届国会应为DOE的新型专注于DOE的分支机构提供资金非常有效State Energy Program (SEP). Congress can double down on this action by scaling investments in domestic capacity to manufacture关键工业产品,例如低碳水泥和钢。
Workforce.我们的国家needs a workforce equipped with the skills建立强大的能源经济。为此,国会每年可以为能源部(DOE)提供3000万美元,以建立能源扩展系统(EES)。Modeled after the USDA’s Cooperative Extension System (CES), and in partnership with the DOE’s National Labs, the EES would provide technical assistance to help institutions and individuals across the country take full advantage of emerging opportunities in the energy economy, including carbon capture and storage (CCS), installation and maintenance of electric vehicle (EV) charging infrastructure, geothermal power, and more.
允许改革。为了提高政府效率,降低成本并能够为清洁能源过渡建造新的基础设施,第118国会应通过立法允许改革改善国家环境政策法案(NEPA)合规性时间表。这些改革应包括:
- Shortening the statute of limitations on litigation under NEPA to 6 months or less in order to be more consistent with state-level policies;
- Requiring that any public-interest group bringing a case against a NEPA decision to have submitted input during public comment periods;
- 在进行环境审查并向项目申请人和公众传达信息时,澄清联邦,州,部落和地方政府的职责;
- Clarifying vague statutes, such as the requirement that agencies consider “all reasonable alternatives”;
- 澄清可能减轻执行人员负担的文件的适当可承认性或替代性;和
- 允许快速浏览批准到现场零排放加油站(see next section), in consultation with local utility regulators.
Zero-Emission Fueling Stations.由电池和氢燃料电池提供动力的零排放车是美国汽车制造的未来。第118大会应通过关键立法,以向联邦政府和各州提供必要的当局和资源建立一个由零排放加油站的全国性网络,因此这些新车辆可以在该国任何地方加油。这包括:
- Amending Title 23 in the United States Code so that the federal government and states can apply gas tax dollars towards funding zero-emission fueling stations;
- 指示运输部使用“杰森法律”调查来识别中型和重型车停车位,应用于零排放加油站;和
- 授权试点计划和公私合作伙伴关系开发“最佳实践”和与主要利益相关者建立商业可行的全国性零排放加油站网络的技术。
电力市场。电网正在从简单的,固定的能源和需求点转变为具有分布式存储,需求响应和功率质量因素的复杂网络。“合格设施”是1978年《电力公司监管政策法案》(PURPA)创建的小型小型生产设施和高电产电产能设施的特殊类别,并有权向公用事业出售能源或能源和购买服务,同时又能释放一定监管负担。The definition of “qualifying facilities”应扩展以外的发电设施,包括提供网格服务的家庭和企业(例如,在峰值能源需求时期,将电力馈回电网)。这将确保公用事业如果提供这些服务,可以正确补偿客户,从而使各个美国人能够参与电力市场并促进采用新颖的清洁能源技术。
地热能。The Earth’s crust holds more than enough未开发的地热能满足美国的需求。然而,地热能量只有0.4%的美国电力产生。有一个主要的机会来利用这一新兴的国内资源为美国消费者。国会应支持地热大地和drive innovation by:
- Establishing a $2 billion risk mitigation fund for geothermal energy development within the DOE’s Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, modeled off of successful programs in Iceland, Costa Rica, and Kenya;
- 建立一项耗资4.5亿美元的USDA农村发展赠款计划,以过渡工业冷却和供暖系统到地热能
- 扩大权威泄漏地下储罐(LUST)信托基金在EPA内部,包括将现有和废弃的石油和天然气场转化为地热井;和
- 为土地管理局内的国家地热团队提供1500万美元,以开发培训材料,标准操作程序,并为地区办事处提供技术支持,以确保及时审查联邦土地上的地热力和冷却/供暖项目。
FAS即将出版的有关赋予地热地球射击的政策备忘录。
拨款建议
- 芯片与科学:能源部科学办公室的研究与开发能源部(DOE)基础科学研究的许多订单项目是authorized as part of the CHIPS and Science Act– including materials, physical, chemical, and others. These research programs are central to building a new wave of clean energy technologies and ensuring domestic energy security for decades to come. Subsections of this part of the bill include authorizations for research on nuclear energy, energy storage, carbon sequestration, and other technologies. We recommend that the Office of Science, and especially items in Section 10102 of the CHIPS and Science Act covering Basic Energy Sciences, be funded in alignment with the amounts authorized.
- 筹码与科学:技术过渡办公室和奖品授权计划的资金《筹码和科学法》中授权但尚未资助的另外两个订单项目是第10713和10714节。两者都授权在能源部的技术过渡办公室(OTT)中安置的奖品计划,该计划在能源部 - 程序部门,如果资助,如果资助,,可以支持清洁能源技术的创新和商业化。第10713条授权清洁能源启动孵化器颁奖计划,第10714节授权大学新的清洁能源技术奖竞赛。国会应为这些计划提供授权资金。此外,国会应在《筹码和科学法》第10715条中授权的资金。本节每年授权2027财年在OTT上进行协调能力,包括为OTT计划的影响制定指标,并更有效地与清洁能源生态系统互动。OTT的额外能力对于办公室的成功以及更广泛的清洁能源技术的发展至关重要。
- IIJA:DOE中关键矿产采矿和回收补助计划的资金关键矿物质对于清洁能量和半导体技术至关重要。美国缺乏足够的国内关键矿物质供应,目前过于依赖外国关键矿产,这些矿物的价格易变,通常由对抗国家控制。《基础设施投资和就业基础设施投资法》(IIJA)从2022财年授权1亿美元,再到2024财年,用于DOE关键矿产采矿和回收赠款计划,以资助处理,回收或开发关键矿产的试点项目。该计划不仅限于锂离子电池生产的关键矿物质,而且有可能影响各种清洁能和半导体技术中使用的关键矿物质。国会应为该计划提供授权资金,因为它填补了商业前资金差距,以扩展IIJA中其他计划未满足的这些技术。
- FY 2024: Research and Development in the DOE’s Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE) and the Advanced Research Project Agency for Energy (ARPA-E)
These two offices are key investors in clean energy technologies at different stages of research and commercialization and provide a direct way for the government to scale up American-made energy technologies. To accelerate the energy transition, Congress should provide robust increases for these offices, and at least meet EERE and ARPA-E’s FY 2024 budget requests, such that they can scale up their proven ability of identifying and supporting promising candidates for energy innovation.
您是否有想法可以告知一个雄心勃勃的项目,即FESI具有相对优势追求的优势?我们希望听到它。
Friends of FESI have identified priority use cases to inform project ideas.
The CHIPS and Science Act establishes a compelling vision for U.S. innovation and place-based industrial policy, but that vision is already being hampered by tight funding.
以下是筹码和科学资金在与联邦预算的战斗中塑造的方式。