也门的安全:超越恐怖主义

ByOctober 14, 2010

•也门在未来十年内面临严重的水短缺
•进入水资源已经是也门的关键安全问题
•为防止大规模的资源冲突创新的水提供和管理解决方案是必要的

上周,在萨那(Sana’a),英国外交车队遭到了基地组织武装分子的袭击。诸如此类的事件使也门成为标题,故事宣布了基地组织在阿拉伯半岛(AQAP)不断增长的存在中的威胁,美国无人机击中了偏远村庄,对西方大使馆和外交官的袭击以及绑架。

但是,在这个动荡的地区,安全不仅仅是基地组织的存在,不仅仅是部落叛乱,还不仅仅是基于军事力量,强制力量或先进的武器的现实主义者概念。

也门的安全性越来越成为资源访问和可用性的问题。尽管稀缺性和不平等分配将不是未来几年发生冲突的唯一原因,也可能不会导致许多国际关系学者预测的大规模资源战争,但*毫无疑问,这无疑是重要的加剧因素。

Models predict that the capital city of Sana’a will empty its water reservoir in as little as a decade, more than 40% of the population lives on less than USD2 per day, one in three Yemenis suffers from malnourishment, and the country’s population will double in just over twenty years.
Add to this social context the evidence that the fossil reservoirs in Sana’a are depleting at a rate of more than 5 meters per year as agriculturalists sink deeper and deeper wells, the nation’s production of the narcotic qat crop continues to expand, and a poor resource management system inhibits effective government action to control water use and quality. While a tribal management system was long effective in regulating water use, it largely disappeared with the creation of the Republic of Yemen and the deployment of diesel well pumps; what remains is an unregulated and unsustainable use pattern across the country—a race to use more water, faster, before it disappears.

水资源短缺已经在1999年,2006年和2009年造成了人员伤亡,被认为是数十个部落冲突和分歧的因素。And as seen in FAS’ interviews and conversations with government officials, tribal agriculturalists, Sanaani, and academics while in Yemen, the people of Yemen are themselves very concerned about future water availability and consider a likely cause of large-scale conflict in Yemen in the near future.

同时,安全分析师认为南方分裂主义运动是对该州稳定和寿命的最大威胁。他们针对萨那(Sana’a)中央政府的主张中的主要主张是政府未能提供基本资源的机会,尤其是稳定的水和能源供应。在针对萨阿达(Sa’ada)的霍蒂斯(Houthis)的军事运动之后,创造了超过200,000名内部难民,该地区遭受了广泛的基础设施损失和损失,加剧了现有的资源短缺和不平等现象。(由于政府对旅行的严格控制和SA’ADA地区的乡村性质的严格控制,损害的程度仍然很大程度上是未知的。)

对也门的任何安全策略都必须涉及一项全面的计划,以改善获得水资源的获取和可用性。在不解决这一和其他关键资源需求的情况下,没有解决破裂的分配机制,而没有解决极端缺水的非常真实的未来,所有军备和军事干预和反恐训练将被浪费。对也门的西方安全政策必须从狭窄的重点反击恐怖主义并解决这些潜在的结构问题上。

科学外交专注于重要的环境问题金博宝正规网址be a key security policy tool to mitigate environmental threats, address structural inequities and challenges, and to improve science and global engagement in Yemen. (For more on the potential for science diplomacy see FAS President Charles Ferguson’s piece国际安全的生态

菲利克斯·阿拉伯(Felix Arabia)是阿拉伯曾经的肉斗式阿拉伯,罗马人的快乐阿拉伯,正处于本世纪中叶完全用水的道路上。而且没有水,就不会有稳定性和安全性。

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