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No.) Tj -226.734 -11.4 Td (G) Tj /F2 8.4 Tf 101.1 Tz .79 Tw (EORGE) Tj /F2 12 Tf 100 Tz 0 Ts 1.2 Tw ( J. T) Tj /F2 8.4 Tf 101.1 Tz .79 Tw (ENET) Tj /F2 12 Tf 100 Tz 0 Ts 1.2 Tw (, Individually and) Tj 202.668 -1.8 Td (CV-99-01597-RSL) Tj /F3 20 Tf 100 Tz -21.048 -7.9 Td 2 Tw () Tj /F2 12 Tf 100 Tz -181.62 -3.5 Td 1.2 Tw (as Director of Central Intelligence) Tj 201.81 -1.8 Td (Western District of) Tj -201.81 -11.4 Td (and Director of the Central) Tj 200.07 -1.8 Td (Washington, Seattle) Tj -200.07 -11.4 Td (Intelligence Agency; U) Tj /F2 8.4 Tf 101.1 Tz .79 Tw (NITED) Tj /F2 12 Tf 100 Tz 0 Ts 228.666 -6.6 Td 1.2 Tw (ORDER) Tj -228.666 -6.6 Td (S) Tj /F2 8.4 Tf 101.1 Tz .79 Tw (TATES) Tj 2.12 Tw ( ) Tj .79 Tw (OF) Tj /F2 12 Tf 100 Tz 0 Ts 1.2 Tw ( A) Tj /F2 8.4 Tf 101.1 Tz .79 Tw (MERICA) Tj /F2 12 Tf 100 Tz 0 Ts 1.2 Tw (,) Tj /F4 12 Tf 100 Tz 61.008 -13.2 Td (Defendants-Appellants.) Tj /F3 20 Tf 100 Tz 120.612 -8.8 Td 1.6 Ts 2 Tw () Tj 0 Ts /F2 12 Tf 100 Tz -85.416 -25.8 Td 1.2 Tw (Filed January 7, 2004) Tj -76.488 -25.8 Td (Before: William) Tj 0 Tw ( ) Tj 1.2 Tw (C.) Tj 0 Tw ( ) Tj 1.2 Tw (Canby,) Tj 0 Tw ( ) Tj 1.2 Tw (Jr., Marsha) Tj 0 Tw ( ) Tj 1.2 Tw (S.) Tj 0 Tw ( ) Tj 1.2 Tw (Berzon and) Tj 42.588 -12.9 Td (Richard) Tj 0 Tw ( ) Tj 1.2 Tw (C.) Tj 0 Tw ( ) Tj 1.2 Tw (Tallman, Circuit Judges.) Tj 72.036 -25.8 Td (Order;) Tj -51.3 -12.9 Td (Dissent by Judge Kleinfeld) Tj /F1 12 Tf 100 Tz 45.294 -43.5 Td (ORDER) Tj /F2 12 Tf 100 Tz -116.334 -25.9 Td .2 Tw (The majority of the panel has voted to deny appellee's peti-) Tj -12 -13 Td 1.85 Tw (tion for rehearing and petition for rehearing en banc. Judge) Tj 0 -13 Td 2.41 Tw (Canby votes to deny the petition for rehearing and recom-) Tj 0 -13 Td .24 Tw (mends denial of the petition for rehearing en banc. Judge Ber-) Tj 0 -13 Td 1.53 Tw (zon votes to deny the petition for rehearing and the petition) Tj 0 -13 Td .97 Tw (for rehearing en banc. Judge Tallman votes to grant the peti-) Tj 0 -13 Td 1.2 Tw (tion for rehearing and the petition for rehearing en banc. ) Tj 12 -25.9 Td .2 Tw (The full court has been advised of the petition for rehearing) Tj -12 -13 Td 2.3 Tw (en banc. An active judge requested a vote on whether this) Tj 0 -13 Td .57 Tw (matter should be reheard before an en banc panel. The matter) Tj ET Q q 1 0 0 1 156 664.5 cm 0 G .9 w 0 -65.65 m 183.8 -65.65 l s 1.2 w 186.6 -129.8 m 186.6 -73.5 l s 1.2 w 186.6 -203.1 m 186.6 -146.8 l s .9 w 0 -210.05 m 183.3 -210.05 l s .5 w 0 -338.05 m 300 -338.05 l s Q q BT 0 Tr 0 g 1 0 0 1 0 792 Tm /F2 11 Tf 100 Tz 297.75 -664.5 Td 1.1 Tw 0 Tc (171) Tj ET Q endstream endobj 5 0 obj 3751 endobj 3 0 obj << /Type /Page /MediaBox [0 0 612 792] /Parent 10 0 R /Resources << /Font << /F1 6 0 R /F2 7 0 R /F3 8 0 R /F4 9 0 R >> /ProcSet 1 0 R >> /Contents 4 0 R >> endobj %%Page: 2 2 12 0 obj << /Length 13 0 R >> stream q BT 0 Tr 0 g 1 0 0 1 156 643.5 Tm /F2 12 Tf 100 Tz 0 -8.4 Td 1.94 Tw 0 Tc (failed to receive a majority of the votes of the non-recused) Tj 0 -13.6 Td 2.81 Tw (active judges in favor of en banc reconsideration. Fed. R.) Tj 0 -13.5 Td 1.2 Tw (App. P. 35\(b\). ) Tj 12 -26.8 Td .77 Tw (The petition for rehearing and the petition for rehearing en) Tj -12 -13.5 Td 1.2 Tw (banc are DENIED. ) Tj /F2 12 Tf 100 Tz 0 -52.4 Td 5.21 Tw (KLEINFELD, Circuit Judge, with whom Circuit Judges) Tj 0 -13.5 Td 6.25 Tw (KOZINSKI, O'SCANNLAIN, TALLMAN, BYBEE and) Tj 0 -13.5 Td 3.32 Tw (CALLAHAN join, dissenting from denial of rehearing en) Tj 0 -13.5 Td 1.2 Tw (banc: ) Tj 12 -26.8 Td 1.42 Tw (I respectfully dissent from the order denying rehearing en) Tj -12 -13.5 Td 1.2 Tw (banc. ) Tj 12 -26.8 Td 2.22 Tw (Doe) Tj ( is a pseudonym, because Mr. and Mrs. Doe were) Tj -12 -13.5 Td .17 Tw (apparently spies for the United States in the Soviet empire. Of) Tj 0 -13.5 Td 1.42 Tw (course, all we know is what the Does now allege. The facts) Tj 0 -13.5 Td 3.71 Tw (are unconfirmed. The case comes up on an interlocutory) Tj 0 -13.5 Td 1.4 Tw (appeal of a district court order denying the CIA's motion to) Tj 0 -13.5 Td 1.2 Tw (dismiss. ) Tj 12 -26.7 Td 2.6 Tw (Mr. Doe was a diplomat for one of the ) Tj (republics.) Tj ( He) Tj -12 -13.5 Td .63 Tw (sought to defect to the United States. He and Mrs. Doe alleg-) Tj 0 -13.5 Td 1.83 Tw (edly made a deal with the CIA. Mr. Doe would stay in his) Tj 0 -13.5 Td 1.19 Tw (position for a while and spy for us, and the CIA would then) Tj 0 -13.5 Td .3 Tw (arrange the Does' defection and resettlement, and ensure their) Tj 0 -13.5 Td 1.3 Tw (personal and financial security for the rest of their lives. All) Tj 0 -13.5 Td 3.92 Tw (went fine for some time, with false identities and back-) Tj 0 -13.5 Td .8 Tw (grounds. But then the American bank Mr. Doe worked for in) Tj 0 -13.5 Td 1.37 Tw (Seattle merged with another, and Mr. Doe was laid off. The) Tj 0 -13.5 Td .66 Tw (CIA left him without assistance, despite an earlier promise to) Tj 0 -13.5 Td 2.96 Tw (resume financial aid if he became unemployed. The Does) Tj 0 -13.5 Td .7 Tw (sued for an order directing the CIA to provide them with due) Tj 0 -13.5 Td 1.2 Tw (process and to pay them the money they were promised. ) Tj ET Q q 1 0 0 1 156 643.5 cm 0 G .5 w 0 -101.15 m 300 -101.15 l s Q q BT 0 Tr 0 g 1 0 0 1 0 792 Tm /F2 11 Tf 100 Tz 156 -136.5 Td 1.1 Tw 0 Tc (172) Tj 119.5303 0 Td (D) Tj /F2 7.7 Tf 101.2 Tz .79 Tw (OE) Tj /F2 11 Tf 100 Tz 0 Ts 1.1 Tw ( v. T) Tj /F2 7.7 Tf 101.2 Tz .79 Tw (ENET) Tj /F2 11 Tf 100 Tz 0 Ts ET Q q 1 0 0 1 0 792 cm 0 G .5 w 156 -140.25 m 456 -140.25 l s Q endstream endobj 13 0 obj 2820 endobj 11 0 obj << /Type /Page /MediaBox [0 0 612 792] /Parent 10 0 R /Resources << /Font << /F1 6 0 R /F2 7 0 R /F4 9 0 R >> /ProcSet 1 0 R >> /Contents 12 0 R >> endobj %%Page: 3 3 15 0 obj << /Length 16 0 R >> stream q BT 0 Tr 0 g 1 0 0 1 156 643.5 Tm /F2 12 Tf 100 Tz 12 -8.4 Td 2.6 Tw 0 Tc (The issue is whether they can get into a federal district) Tj -12 -13.1 Td 2.14 Tw (court with their claims. The long-established answer, under) Tj 0 -13.1 Td 1.22 Tw (the Supreme Court's opinion in ) Tj /F4 12 Tf 100 Tz (Totten v. United States) Tj /F2 12 Tf 100 Tz (,) Tj 4.9 Ts /F5 6 Tf 100 Tz (1) Tj 0 Ts /F2 12 Tf 100 Tz ( has) Tj 0 -13.1 Td 2.27 Tw (been that they cannot. Under ) Tj /F4 12 Tf 100 Tz (Totten) Tj /F2 12 Tf 100 Tz (, those who spy for us) Tj 0 -13.1 Td 2.81 Tw (cannot bring lawsuits to enforce our intelligence agencies') Tj 0 -13.1 Td .37 Tw (promises, because that would require exposure of matters that) Tj 0 -13.1 Td .77 Tw (must be kept secret in the interest of effective foreign policy.) Tj 0 -13.1 Td 1.71 Tw (The panel opinion effectively overrules ) Tj /F4 12 Tf 100 Tz (Totten) Tj /F2 12 Tf 100 Tz (. It holds that) Tj /F4 12 Tf 100 Tz 0 -13.2 Td .77 Tw (Totten) Tj /F2 12 Tf 100 Tz ('s rationale is out of date and that subsequent Supreme) Tj 0 -13.2 Td 1.62 Tw (Court decisions undermine it. Under ) Tj /F4 12 Tf 100 Tz (Agostini v. Felton) Tj /F2 12 Tf 100 Tz (,) Tj 4.9 Ts /F5 6 Tf 100 Tz (2) Tj 0 Ts /F2 12 Tf 100 Tz ( we) Tj 0 -13.2 Td 2.73 Tw (cannot do that. Also, in reaching its conclusion, the panel) Tj 0 -13.2 Td .76 Tw (decision puts us is in conflict with the Federal Circuit, which) Tj 0 -13.2 Td 1.2 Tw (complied with ) Tj /F4 12 Tf 100 Tz (Totten) Tj /F2 12 Tf 100 Tz ( in ) Tj /F4 12 Tf 100 Tz (Guong v. United States) Tj /F2 12 Tf 100 Tz (.) Tj 4.9 Ts /F5 6 Tf 100 Tz .5 Tw (3) Tj 0 Ts /F2 12 Tf 100 Tz 1.2 Tw ( ) Tj 12 -26.1 Td 1.03 Tw (Aside from the intelligence aspect of this case, the Tucker) Tj -12 -13.2 Td .7 Tw (Act requires those who sue the government for broken prom-) Tj 0 -13.2 Td 1.02 Tw (ises to do so in the Court of Federal Claims, not in a district) Tj 0 -13.2 Td 1.43 Tw (court.) Tj 4.9 Ts /F5 6 Tf 100 Tz (4) Tj 0 Ts /F2 12 Tf 100 Tz ( By allowing the Does' suit to go forward despite the) Tj 0 -13.2 Td 1.26 Tw (Tucker Act, the panel opinion departs from our precedent in) Tj 0 -13.2 Td 1.2 Tw (an area where there already existed an intercircuit conflict. ) Tj 0 -26.1 Td (I.) Tj 9 Tw ( ) Tj 1.2 Tw /F4 12 Tf 100 Tz (Spies) Tj /F2 12 Tf 100 Tz ( ) Tj 12 -26.1 Td 1.46 Tw (The case at bar is factually indistinguishable from ) Tj /F4 12 Tf 100 Tz (Totten) Tj /F2 12 Tf 100 Tz (.) Tj -12 -13.2 Td 2.22 Tw (In 1861, Abraham Lincoln, on behalf of the United States,) Tj 0 -13.2 Td .53 Tw (personally hired William A. Lloyd to spy behind Confederate) Tj 0 -13.2 Td .91 Tw (lines for the duration of the war, agreeing to pay him $200 a) Tj 0 -13.2 Td 0 Tw (month for his services.) Tj 4.9 Ts /F5 6 Tf 100 Tz (5) Tj 0 Ts /F2 12 Tf 100 Tz ( Lloyd subsequently died intestate, and) Tj 0 -13.2 Td .25 Tw (his administrator, Totten, sued the government in the Court of) Tj /F2 10 Tf 100 Tz 10 -26 Td 4.1 Ts /F5 6 Tf 100 Tz .5 Tw (1) Tj 0 Ts /F4 10 Tf 100 Tz 1 Tw (Totten v. United States) Tj /F2 10 Tf 100 Tz (, 92 U.S. 105 \(1875\). ) Tj 0 -14 Td 4.1 Ts /F5 6 Tf 100 Tz .5 Tw (2) Tj 0 Ts /F4 10 Tf 100 Tz 1 Tw (Agostini v. Felton) Tj /F2 10 Tf 100 Tz (, 521 U.S. 203, 237 \(1997\). ) Tj 0 -14 Td 4.1 Ts /F5 6 Tf 100 Tz .5 Tw (3) Tj 0 Ts /F4 10 Tf 100 Tz 1 Tw (Guong v. United States) Tj /F2 10 Tf 100 Tz (, 860 F.2d 1063 \(Fed. Cir. 1988\). ) Tj 0 -14 Td 4.1 Ts /F5 6 Tf 100 Tz .5 Tw (4) Tj 0 Ts /F4 10 Tf 100 Tz 1 Tw (See ) Tj /F2 10 Tf 100 Tz (28 U.S.C. ) Tj 0 Tw ( ) Tj 1 Tw (1491\(a\). ) Tj 0 -14 Td 4.1 Ts /F5 6 Tf 100 Tz .1 Tw (5) Tj 0 Ts /F2 10 Tf 100 Tz (This is in the same order of magnitude as the Does' agreement $200) Tj -10 -11.2 Td 1.1 Tw (in 1861 being the equivalent in purchasing power to about $4,000 today) Tj 0 -11.2 Td 1.33 Tw (\(to the extent that economists' inflation factors can indicate equivalence) Tj 0 -11.2 Td 1 Tw (despite technological change\). ) Tj ET Q q 1 0 0 1 156 643.5 cm 0 G .5 w 0 -388.15 m 300 -388.15 l s Q q BT 0 Tr 0 g 1 0 0 1 0 792 Tm /F2 11 Tf 100 Tz 439.5 -136.5 Td 1.1 Tw 0 Tc (173) Tj -163.9697 0 Td (D) Tj /F2 7.7 Tf 101.2 Tz .79 Tw (OE) Tj /F2 11 Tf 100 Tz 0 Ts 1.1 Tw ( v. T) Tj /F2 7.7 Tf 101.2 Tz .79 Tw (ENET) Tj /F2 11 Tf 100 Tz 0 Ts ET Q q 1 0 0 1 0 792 cm 0 G .5 w 156 -140.25 m 456 -140.25 l s Q endstream endobj 16 0 obj 4562 endobj 14 0 obj << /Type /Page /MediaBox [0 0 612 792] /Parent 10 0 R /Resources << /Font << /F1 6 0 R /F2 7 0 R /F4 9 0 R /F5 17 0 R >> /ProcSet 1 0 R >> /Contents 15 0 R >> endobj %%Page: 4 4 19 0 obj << /Length 20 0 R >> stream q BT 0 Tr 0 g 1 0 0 1 156 643.5 Tm /F2 12 Tf 100 Tz 0 -8.4 Td .37 Tw 0 Tc (Claims for Lloyd's unpaid compensation. The Supreme Court) Tj 0 -13 Td .85 Tw (held, in the broadest terms, that contracts for clandestine ser-) Tj 0 -13 Td 1.57 Tw (vice to the government can never be sued upon. It said that) Tj 0 -13 Td .67 Tw (such agreements necessarily contain the term that the parties') Tj 0 -13 Td 1.07 Tw (lips . .) Tj 0 Tw ( ) Tj 1.07 Tw (. were to be for ever sealed,) Tj ( a term that is ) Tj (implied) Tj 0 -13 Td 1.23 Tw (in all secret employments of the government in time of war,) Tj 0 -13.1 Td 1.26 Tw (or upon matters affecting our foreign relations.) Tj () Tj 4.9 Ts /F5 6 Tf 100 Tz (6) Tj 0 Ts /F2 12 Tf 100 Tz ( Here is the) Tj 0 -13.1 Td 1.2 Tw (heart of the Court's holding: ) Tj 22 -25.9 Td .5 Tw (Our objection is not to the contract, but to the action) Tj 0 -13.1 Td .06 Tw (upon it in the Court of Claims. The service stipulated) Tj 0 -13.1 Td .75 Tw (by the contract was a secret service; the information) Tj 0 -13.1 Td .95 Tw (sought was to be obtained clandestinely, and was to) Tj 0 -13.1 Td .55 Tw (be communicated privately; the employment and the) Tj 0 -13.1 Td .28 Tw (service were to be equally concealed. Both employer) Tj 0 -13.1 Td 1.28 Tw (and agent must have understood that the lips of the) Tj 0 -13.1 Td 1.07 Tw (other were to be for ever sealed respecting the rela-) Tj 0 -13.1 Td 2.66 Tw (tion of either to the matter. This condition of the) Tj 0 -13.1 Td 4.14 Tw (engagement was implied from the nature of the) Tj 0 -13.1 Td 2.94 Tw (employment, and is implied in all secret employ-) Tj 0 -13.1 Td 2.51 Tw (ments of the government in time of war, or upon) Tj 0 -13.1 Td 1.34 Tw (matters affecting our foreign relations, where a dis-) Tj 0 -13.1 Td 1.47 Tw (closure of the service might compromise or embar-) Tj 0 -13.1 Td .46 Tw (rass our government in its public duties, or endanger) Tj 0 -13.1 Td 2.66 Tw (the person or injure the character of the agent. If) Tj 0 -13.1 Td .55 Tw (upon contracts of such a nature an action against the) Tj 0 -13.1 Td 3.57 Tw (government could be maintained in the Court of) Tj 0 -13.1 Td 3.83 Tw (Claims, whenever an agent should deem himself) Tj 0 -13.1 Td 3.45 Tw (entitled to greater or different compensation than) Tj 0 -13.1 Td 1.22 Tw (that awarded to him, the whole service in any case,) Tj 0 -13.1 Td 1.47 Tw (and the manner of its discharge, with the details of) Tj 0 -13.1 Td 4.5 Tw (dealings with individuals and officers, might be) Tj 0 -13.1 Td 2.41 Tw (exposed, to the serious detriment of the public. A) Tj 0 -13.1 Td .82 Tw (secret service, with liability to publicity in this way,) Tj 0 -13.1 Td .03 Tw (would be impossible; and, as such services are some-) Tj 0 -13.1 Td 1.14 Tw (times indispensable to the government, its agents in) Tj /F2 10 Tf 100 Tz -12 -25.9 Td 4.1 Ts /F5 6 Tf 100 Tz .5 Tw (6) Tj 0 Ts /F4 10 Tf 100 Tz 1 Tw (Totten) Tj /F2 10 Tf 100 Tz (, 92 U.S. at 106. ) Tj ET Q q 1 0 0 1 156 643.5 cm 0 G .5 w 0 -477.85 m 300 -477.85 l s Q q BT 0 Tr 0 g 1 0 0 1 0 792 Tm /F2 11 Tf 100 Tz 156 -136.5 Td 1.1 Tw 0 Tc (174) Tj 119.5303 0 Td (D) Tj /F2 7.7 Tf 101.2 Tz .79 Tw (OE) Tj /F2 11 Tf 100 Tz 0 Ts 1.1 Tw ( v. T) Tj /F2 7.7 Tf 101.2 Tz .79 Tw (ENET) Tj /F2 11 Tf 100 Tz 0 Ts ET Q q 1 0 0 1 0 792 cm 0 G .5 w 156 -140.25 m 456 -140.25 l s Q endstream endobj 20 0 obj 3523 endobj 18 0 obj << /Type /Page /MediaBox [0 0 612 792] /Parent 10 0 R /Resources << /Font << /F1 6 0 R /F2 7 0 R /F4 9 0 R /F5 17 0 R >> /ProcSet 1 0 R >> /Contents 19 0 R >> endobj %%Page: 5 5 22 0 obj << /Length 23 0 R >> stream q BT 0 Tr 0 g 1 0 0 1 156 643.5 Tm /F2 12 Tf 100 Tz 22 -8.4 Td 2.04 Tw 0 Tc (those services must look for their compensation to) Tj 0 -14.3 Td 3.43 Tw (the contingent fund of the department employing) Tj 0 -14.3 Td 2.07 Tw (them, and to such allowance from it as those who) Tj 0 -14.3 Td 2.38 Tw (dispense that fund may award. The secrecy which) Tj 0 -14.3 Td .9 Tw (such contracts impose precludes any action for their) Tj 0 -14.3 Td 2.71 Tw (enforcement. The publicity produced by an action) Tj 0 -14.3 Td 1.7 Tw (would itself be a breach of a contract of that kind,) Tj 0 -14.3 Td 1.2 Tw (and thus defeat a recovery.) Tj 4.9 Ts /F5 6 Tf 100 Tz .5 Tw (7) Tj 0 Ts /F2 12 Tf 100 Tz 1.2 Tw ( ) Tj -10 -28.3 Td 1.42 Tw (The Does' case is factually indistinguishable from ) Tj /F4 12 Tf 100 Tz (Totten) Tj /F2 12 Tf 100 Tz (.) Tj -12 -14.3 Td .36 Tw (Like William Lloyd, the Does were engaged to provide secret) Tj 0 -14.3 Td .55 Tw (services to the United States behind enemy lines. Like Lloyd,) Tj 0 -14.3 Td .09 Tw (they served to the great benefit of the United States in circum-) Tj 0 -14.3 Td 1.81 Tw (stances that could have gotten them killed. And like Lloyd,) Tj 0 -14.3 Td 2.07 Tw (they allegedly got stiffed by the government providing less) Tj 0 -14.3 Td 2.08 Tw (compensation than required by the contracts when the time) Tj 0 -14.3 Td 1.2 Tw (came for the United States to pay up. ) Tj 12 -28.3 Td 2.77 Tw (The panel held, however, that ) Tj /F4 12 Tf 100 Tz (Totten) Tj /F2 12 Tf 100 Tz ( is no longer good) Tj -12 -14.3 Td 2.03 Tw (authority. As for the contractual aspects of ) Tj /F4 12 Tf 100 Tz (Totten) Tj /F2 12 Tf 100 Tz (, the ) Tj /F4 12 Tf 100 Tz (Doe) Tj /F2 12 Tf 100 Tz 0 -14.2 Td 1.2 Tw (panel held that ) Tj /F4 12 Tf 100 Tz (Totten) Tj /F2 12 Tf 100 Tz ( was inapplicable for two reasons: ) Tj 22 -28.3 Td 1.39 Tw (First, . . . unlike Totten, the Does do not seek only) Tj 0 -14.2 Td 0 Tw (enforcement of a contract. Rather their principal con-) Tj 0 -14.2 Td 1.41 Tw (cern at this point . . . is to compel fair process and) Tj 0 -14.2 Td 1 Tw (application of substantive law to their claims within) Tj 0 -14.2 Td .83 Tw (the Central Intelligence Agency[) Tj 0 Tw ( ) Tj .83 Tw (]. . . . Second, ) Tj /F4 12 Tf 100 Tz (Tot-) Tj 0 -14.2 Td 7.66 Tw (ten) Tj /F2 12 Tf 100 Tz ( assumed ) Tj (publicity) Tj ( inconsistent with the) Tj 0 -14.2 Td 1.41 Tw (implicit promise of secrecy as inherent in any judi-) Tj 0 -14.2 Td 1.85 Tw (cial proceeding and did not consider whether there) Tj 0 -14.2 Td 2.45 Tw (are means to conduct judicial proceedings without) Tj 0 -14.2 Td 5.17 Tw (unacceptable attendant ) Tj (publicity.) Tj ( Since ) Tj /F4 12 Tf 100 Tz (Totten) Tj /F2 12 Tf 100 Tz (,) Tj 0 -14.2 Td .11 Tw (courts, including the Supreme Court, have developed) Tj /F2 10 Tf 100 Tz -12 -28 Td 4.1 Ts /F5 6 Tf 100 Tz .5 Tw (7) Tj 0 Ts /F4 10 Tf 100 Tz 1 Tw (Id.) Tj /F2 10 Tf 100 Tz ( at 106-07. ) Tj ET Q q 1 0 0 1 156 643.5 cm 0 G .5 w 0 -476.65 m 300 -476.65 l s Q q BT 0 Tr 0 g 1 0 0 1 0 792 Tm /F2 11 Tf 100 Tz 439.5 -136.5 Td 1.1 Tw 0 Tc (175) Tj -163.9697 0 Td (D) Tj /F2 7.7 Tf 101.2 Tz .79 Tw (OE) Tj /F2 11 Tf 100 Tz 0 Ts 1.1 Tw ( v. T) Tj /F2 7.7 Tf 101.2 Tz .79 Tw (ENET) Tj /F2 11 Tf 100 Tz 0 Ts ET Q q 1 0 0 1 0 792 cm 0 G .5 w 156 -140.25 m 456 -140.25 l s Q endstream endobj 23 0 obj 3493 endobj 21 0 obj << /Type /Page /MediaBox [0 0 612 792] /Parent 10 0 R /Resources << /Font << /F1 6 0 R /F2 7 0 R /F4 9 0 R /F5 17 0 R >> /ProcSet 1 0 R >> /Contents 22 0 R >> endobj %%Page: 6 6 25 0 obj << /Length 26 0 R >> stream q BT 0 Tr 0 g 1 0 0 1 156 643.5 Tm /F2 12 Tf 100 Tz 22 -8.4 Td 1.66 Tw 0 Tc (means of accommodating asserted national security) Tj 0 -13.1 Td 1.2 Tw (interests in judicial proceedings. . . .) Tj 4.9 Ts /F5 6 Tf 100 Tz .5 Tw (8) Tj 0 Ts /F2 12 Tf 100 Tz 1.2 Tw ( ) Tj -22 -26 Td 2.48 Tw (The panel then reinterprets the remainder of ) Tj /F4 12 Tf 100 Tz (Totten) Tj /F2 12 Tf 100 Tz ( as ) Tj (an) Tj 0 -13.1 Td 2.77 Tw (early expression of the evidentiary state secrets privilege,) Tj () Tj 0 -13.1 Td 2.5 Tw (which only allows for dismissal ) Tj () Tj /F4 12 Tf 100 Tz (after ) Tj /F2 12 Tf 100 Tz (complying with the) Tj 0 -13.1 Td 3.78 Tw (formalities and court investigation requirements that have) Tj 0 -13.1 Td 1.2 Tw (developed since ) Tj /F4 12 Tf 100 Tz (Totten) Tj /F2 12 Tf 100 Tz (.) Tj () Tj 4.9 Ts /F5 6 Tf 100 Tz .5 Tw (9) Tj 0 Ts /F2 12 Tf 100 Tz 1.2 Tw ( ) Tj 12 -26 Td .66 Tw (As Judge Tallman's dissent points out, every aspect of this) Tj -12 -13.1 Td .81 Tw (rationale is mistaken. The most obvious way that the opinion) Tj 0 -13.1 Td 1.15 Tw (is wrong is that, no matter how much the courts have devel-) Tj 0 -13.1 Td 3.12 Tw (oped routines for handling assertions of official secrets, a) Tj 0 -13.1 Td .3 Tw (lower court cannot overrule the Supreme Court. Whether sub-) Tj 0 -13.1 Td 4 Tw (sequent Supreme Court authority implicitly undermines a) Tj 0 -13.1 Td .66 Tw (Supreme Court decision or not, lower courts must follow and) Tj 0 -13.1 Td .06 Tw (apply a controlling Supreme Court decision. As the Court said) Tj 0 -13.1 Td 0 Tw (in ) Tj /F4 12 Tf 100 Tz (Agostini) Tj /F2 12 Tf 100 Tz (, ) Tj ([w]e reaffirm that if a precedent of this Court has) Tj 0 -13.1 Td 2.5 Tw (direct application in a case, yet appears to rest on reasons) Tj 0 -13.1 Td .57 Tw (rejected in some other line of decisions, the Court of Appeals) Tj 0 -13.1 Td .51 Tw (should follow the case which directly controls, leaving to this) Tj 0 -13.1 Td 1.12 Tw (Court the prerogative of overruling its own decisions.) Tj () Tj 4.9 Ts /F5 6 Tf 100 Tz (10) Tj 0 Ts /F2 12 Tf 100 Tz ( The) Tj 0 -13.1 Td 1.2 Tw (Supreme Court can overrule ) Tj /F4 12 Tf 100 Tz (Totten) Tj /F2 12 Tf 100 Tz (. We cannot. ) Tj 12 -26 Td 1.95 Tw (Second, the gossamer distinctions the panel tries to draw) Tj -12 -13.1 Td 2.7 Tw (between the Does' and Totten's claims for the purpose of) Tj 0 -13.1 Td 1.95 Tw (defeating ) Tj /F4 12 Tf 100 Tz (Totten) Tj /F2 12 Tf 100 Tz ('s language about implied secrecy terms do) Tj 0 -13.1 Td 1.02 Tw (not amount to anything. Whether it is called a plea for fairer) Tj 0 -13.1 Td .2 Tw (process or a simple contract claim for damages, the Does, like) Tj 0 -13.1 Td .52 Tw (Totten's decedent, sue the government to obtain a remedy for) Tj 0 -13.1 Td 2.47 Tw (its breach of an agreement to compensate them for intelli-) Tj 0 -13.1 Td 1.87 Tw (gence services. In both cases, the engagements were secret,) Tj 0 -13.2 Td 2.57 Tw (obviously and necessarily so, since doubtless both engage-) Tj /F2 10 Tf 100 Tz 10 -25.8 Td 4.1 Ts /F5 6 Tf 100 Tz .7 Tw (8) Tj 0 Ts /F4 10 Tf 100 Tz (Doe v. Tenet) Tj /F2 10 Tf 100 Tz (, 329 F.3d 1135, 1147-48 \(9th Cir. 2003\) \(internal quota-) Tj -10 -11.2 Td 1 Tw (tions omitted\). ) Tj 10 -13.9 Td 4.1 Ts /F5 6 Tf 100 Tz .5 Tw (9) Tj 0 Ts /F4 10 Tf 100 Tz 1 Tw (Id.) Tj /F2 10 Tf 100 Tz ( at 1149, 1150 \(emphasis in original\). ) Tj 0 -14 Td 4.1 Ts /F5 6 Tf 100 Tz .5 Tw (10) Tj 0 Ts /F4 10 Tf 100 Tz 1 Tw (Agostini) Tj /F2 10 Tf 100 Tz (, 521 U.S. at 237 \(internal quotation omitted\). ) Tj ET Q q 1 0 0 1 156 643.5 cm 0 G .5 w 0 -438.75 m 300 -438.75 l s Q q BT 0 Tr 0 g 1 0 0 1 0 792 Tm /F2 11 Tf 100 Tz 156 -136.5 Td 1.1 Tw 0 Tc (176) Tj 119.5303 0 Td (D) Tj /F2 7.7 Tf 101.2 Tz .79 Tw (OE) Tj /F2 11 Tf 100 Tz 0 Ts 1.1 Tw ( v. T) Tj /F2 7.7 Tf 101.2 Tz .79 Tw (ENET) Tj /F2 11 Tf 100 Tz 0 Ts ET Q q 1 0 0 1 0 792 cm 0 G .5 w 156 -140.25 m 456 -140.25 l s Q endstream endobj 26 0 obj 4135 endobj 24 0 obj << /Type /Page /MediaBox [0 0 612 792] /Parent 10 0 R /Resources << /Font << /F1 6 0 R /F2 7 0 R /F4 9 0 R /F5 17 0 R >> /ProcSet 1 0 R >> /Contents 25 0 R >> endobj %%Page: 7 7 28 0 obj << /Length 29 0 R >> stream q BT 0 Tr 0 g 1 0 0 1 156 643.5 Tm /F2 12 Tf 100 Tz 0 -8.4 Td .62 Tw 0 Tc (ments involved the commission of serious crimes in the loca-) Tj 0 -13 Td 2.96 Tw (tions where the intelligence agents were to perform them.) Tj 0 -13 Td 4.41 Tw (Both also would amount to serious provocations by the) Tj 0 -13 Td 2.6 Tw (United States in the eyes of the governing forces in those) Tj 0 -13 Td 1.2 Tw (locations. ) Tj 12 -25.9 Td 1.44 Tw (The panel's contention that the purposes of ) Tj /F4 12 Tf 100 Tz (Totten) Tj /F2 12 Tf 100 Tz ( can be) Tj -12 -13 Td .78 Tw (served by the CIA asserting the state-secrets privilege, which) Tj 0 -13 Td .87 Tw (would then permit in camera inspection of papers by the dis-) Tj 0 -13 Td .36 Tw (trict court and so forth, leaves out the most important purpose) Tj 0 -13 Td 3.14 Tw (of all: to keep the whole engagement utterly and entirely) Tj 0 -13 Td 2.66 Tw (secret. I see no reason that progress in judicial techniques) Tj 0 -13 Td 2.05 Tw (should make any difference. Intelligence is such an ancient) Tj 0 -13 Td 1.36 Tw (part of conflict that the Bible suggested nothing novel when) Tj 0 -13 Td .18 Tw (Joshua sent spies to reconnoiter Jericho.) Tj 4.9 Ts /F5 6 Tf 100 Tz (11) Tj 0 Ts /F2 12 Tf 100 Tz ( Circumstances have) Tj 0 -13 Td .21 Tw (not changed materially. The very existence of the engagement) Tj 0 -13 Td .87 Tw (has to be secret and has to remain secret. If a lawsuit is filed) Tj 0 -13 Td .73 Tw (but some papers remain secret, that is not enough. An intelli-) Tj 0 -13.1 Td 1.91 Tw (gent observer, knowing something of the events, can figure) Tj 0 -13.1 Td .02 Tw (out from the barest indications in a lawsuit what it is all about.) Tj 0 -13.1 Td .21 Tw (As ) Tj /F4 12 Tf 100 Tz (Totten) Tj /F2 12 Tf 100 Tz ( says, ) Tj (such services are sometimes indispensable to) Tj 0 -13.1 Td .18 Tw (the government,) Tj ( and ) Tj ([a] secret service, with liability to pub-) Tj 0 -13.1 Td 3.45 Tw (licity in this way, would be impossible.) Tj () Tj 4.9 Ts /F5 6 Tf 100 Tz (12) Tj 0 Ts /F2 12 Tf 100 Tz ( Sometimes, to) Tj 0 -13.1 Td .53 Tw (avoid provocations to war or other diplomatic imbroglios, the) Tj 0 -13.1 Td 2.51 Tw (government has to avoid disclosing what it did, even long) Tj 0 -13.1 Td .06 Tw (after it has done it. Spying is among the ) Tj (matters affecting our) Tj 0 -13.1 Td 3.37 Tw (foreign relations, where a disclosure of the service might) Tj 0 -13.1 Td -1.21 Tw (compromise or embarrass our government in its public duties.) Tj () Tj 4.9 Ts /F5 6 Tf 100 Tz (13) Tj 0 Ts /F2 12 Tf 100 Tz 12 -25.9 Td .87 Tw (The panel's assurances that there is nothing to fear are not) Tj -12 -13.1 Td .5 Tw (enough in light of ) Tj /F4 12 Tf 100 Tz (Totten) Tj /F2 12 Tf 100 Tz ( and its purposes. Requiring the CIA) Tj 0 -13.1 Td 1.66 Tw (to abide by the formalities of making a privilege claim will) Tj 0 -13.1 Td .4 Tw (involve the CIA having to deny or disclose the very existence) Tj 0 -13.1 Td .7 Tw (of the secret relationship. Even asserting that there is a secret) Tj /F2 10 Tf 100 Tz 10 -25.6 Td 4.1 Ts /F5 6 Tf 100 Tz .5 Tw (11) Tj 0 Ts /F2 10 Tf 100 Tz 1 Tw (Joshua 2:1, et seq. ) Tj 0 -13.9 Td 4.1 Ts /F5 6 Tf 100 Tz .5 Tw (12) Tj 0 Ts /F4 10 Tf 100 Tz 1 Tw (Totten) Tj /F2 10 Tf 100 Tz (, 92 U.S. at 107. ) Tj 0 -13.9 Td 4.1 Ts /F5 6 Tf 100 Tz .5 Tw (13) Tj 0 Ts /F4 10 Tf 100 Tz 1 Tw (Id.) Tj /F2 10 Tf 100 Tz ( at 106. ) Tj ET Q q 1 0 0 1 156 643.5 cm 0 G .5 w 0 -450.15 m 300 -450.15 l s Q q BT 0 Tr 0 g 1 0 0 1 0 792 Tm /F2 11 Tf 100 Tz 439.5 -136.5 Td 1.1 Tw 0 Tc (177) Tj -163.9697 0 Td (D) Tj /F2 7.7 Tf 101.2 Tz .79 Tw (OE) Tj /F2 11 Tf 100 Tz 0 Ts 1.1 Tw ( v. T) Tj /F2 7.7 Tf 101.2 Tz .79 Tw (ENET) Tj /F2 11 Tf 100 Tz 0 Ts ET Q q 1 0 0 1 0 792 cm 0 G .5 w 156 -140.25 m 456 -140.25 l s Q endstream endobj 29 0 obj 3975 endobj 27 0 obj << /Type /Page /MediaBox [0 0 612 792] /Parent 30 0 R /Resources << /Font << /F1 6 0 R /F2 7 0 R /F4 9 0 R /F5 17 0 R >> /ProcSet 1 0 R >> /Contents 28 0 R >> endobj %%Page: 8 8 32 0 obj << /Length 33 0 R >> stream q BT 0 Tr 0 g 1 0 0 1 156 643.5 Tm /F2 12 Tf 100 Tz 0 -8.4 Td .58 Tw 0 Tc (to protect, as the state-secrets privilege used in other contexts) Tj 0 -13.4 Td 1.27 Tw (requires, amounts to letting the cat out of the bag. It is such) Tj 0 -13.4 Td 3.67 Tw (disclosure of the relationship's very existence that ) Tj /F4 12 Tf 100 Tz (Totten) Tj /F2 12 Tf 100 Tz 0 -13.4 Td .36 Tw (sought to avoid. And where there is no espionage relationship) Tj 0 -13.4 Td .83 Tw (to protect, the CIA will have to say as much. That will make) Tj 0 -13.4 Td 1.2 Tw (all non-denials effectively confirmations. ) Tj 12 -26.5 Td 1.36 Tw (The panel's attempt to interpret ) Tj /F4 12 Tf 100 Tz (Totten) Tj /F2 12 Tf 100 Tz ( so narrowly that it) Tj -12 -13.4 Td 2.91 Tw (does not even apply to a case materially indistinguishable) Tj 0 -13.4 Td .84 Tw (from it puts us in conflict with the Federal Circuit. In ) Tj /F4 12 Tf 100 Tz (Guong) Tj 0 -13.4 Td .26 Tw (v. United States) Tj /F2 12 Tf 100 Tz (, the plaintiff tried to distinguish ) Tj /F4 12 Tf 100 Tz (Totten) Tj /F2 12 Tf 100 Tz ( on the) Tj 0 -13.4 Td 2.33 Tw (ground that the CIA had hired him as a saboteur in North) Tj 0 -13.4 Td 1.07 Tw (Vietnam, and not as a spy.) Tj 4.9 Ts /F5 6 Tf 100 Tz (14) Tj 0 Ts /F2 12 Tf 100 Tz ( The Federal Circuit rejected the) Tj 0 -13.4 Td .82 Tw (distinction and any other narrowing of ) Tj /F4 12 Tf 100 Tz (Totten) Tj /F2 12 Tf 100 Tz (: ) Tj () Tj /F4 12 Tf 100 Tz (Totten) Tj /F2 12 Tf 100 Tz ( stands) Tj 0 -13.3 Td .2 Tw (for the proposition that no action can be brought to enforce an) Tj 0 -13.3 Td .83 Tw (alleged contract with the government when, at the time of its) Tj 0 -13.3 Td 1.2 Tw (creation, the contract was secret or covert.) Tj () Tj 4.9 Ts /F5 6 Tf 100 Tz .5 Tw (15) Tj 0 Ts /F2 12 Tf 100 Tz 1.2 Tw ( ) Tj /F4 12 Tf 100 Tz 12 -26.5 Td 1.95 Tw (Guong) Tj /F2 12 Tf 100 Tz ( also rejected the plaintiff's attempt, similar to the) Tj /F4 12 Tf 100 Tz -12 -13.3 Td 1.77 Tw (Doe) Tj /F2 12 Tf 100 Tz ( panel's, to assimilate ) Tj /F4 12 Tf 100 Tz (Totten) Tj /F2 12 Tf 100 Tz ( into cases about the state-) Tj 0 -13.3 Td 1.21 Tw (secrets evidentiary privilege. Privilege cases, including ) Tj /F4 12 Tf 100 Tz (Web-) Tj 0 -13.3 Td 1.3 Tw (ster v. Doe) Tj /F2 12 Tf 100 Tz 4.9 Ts /F5 6 Tf 100 Tz (16) Tj 0 Ts /F2 12 Tf 100 Tz ( and ) Tj /F4 12 Tf 100 Tz (United States v. Reynolds) Tj /F2 12 Tf 100 Tz (,) Tj 4.9 Ts /F5 6 Tf 100 Tz (17) Tj 0 Ts /F2 12 Tf 100 Tz ( do not involve) Tj 0 -13.3 Td 1.53 Tw (engagements of spies in foreign countries, but rather disclo-) Tj 0 -13.3 Td .51 Tw (sures during litigation about other kinds of secrets. As ) Tj /F4 12 Tf 100 Tz (Guong) Tj /F2 12 Tf 100 Tz 0 -13.3 Td 1.7 Tw (held, ) Tj ([a] close reading of ) Tj /F4 12 Tf 100 Tz (Reynolds) Tj /F2 12 Tf 100 Tz ( reveals that it does not) Tj 0 -13.3 Td 3.17 Tw (limit or modify the authority of ) Tj /F4 12 Tf 100 Tz (Totten) Tj /F2 12 Tf 100 Tz ( or its rationale.) Tj () Tj 4.9 Ts /F5 6 Tf 100 Tz (18) Tj 0 Ts /F4 12 Tf 100 Tz 0 -13.3 Td .93 Tw (Guong) Tj /F2 12 Tf 100 Tz ( also makes the point that ) Tj /F4 12 Tf 100 Tz (Totten) Tj /F2 12 Tf 100 Tz ( is not limited to cur-) Tj 0 -13.3 Td .51 Tw (rently active spies. Even in ) Tj /F4 12 Tf 100 Tz (Totten) Tj /F2 12 Tf 100 Tz (, there was no direct risk of) Tj 0 -13.3 Td .44 Tw (harm from ongoing conflicts, because the Civil War had been) Tj 0 -13.3 Td .45 Tw (over for ten years when the Court decided the case.) Tj 4.9 Ts /F5 6 Tf 100 Tz (19) Tj 0 Ts /F2 12 Tf 100 Tz ( Thus, in) Tj /F2 10 Tf 100 Tz 10 -26.4 Td 4.1 Ts /F5 6 Tf 100 Tz .5 Tw (14) Tj 0 Ts /F4 10 Tf 100 Tz 1 Tw (Guong) Tj /F2 10 Tf 100 Tz (, 860 F.2d at 1065. ) Tj 0 -14.2 Td 4.1 Ts /F5 6 Tf 100 Tz .5 Tw (15) Tj 0 Ts /F4 10 Tf 100 Tz 1 Tw (Id.) Tj /F2 10 Tf 100 Tz ( ) Tj 0 -14.1 Td 4.1 Ts /F5 6 Tf 100 Tz .5 Tw (16) Tj 0 Ts /F4 10 Tf 100 Tz 1 Tw (Webster v. Doe) Tj /F2 10 Tf 100 Tz (, 486 U.S. 592 \(1988\). ) Tj 0 -14.1 Td 4.1 Ts /F5 6 Tf 100 Tz .5 Tw (17) Tj 0 Ts /F4 10 Tf 100 Tz 1 Tw (United States v. Reynolds) Tj /F2 10 Tf 100 Tz (, 345 U.S. 1 \(1953\). ) Tj 0 -14.1 Td 4.1 Ts /F5 6 Tf 100 Tz .5 Tw (18) Tj 0 Ts /F4 10 Tf 100 Tz 1 Tw (Guong) Tj /F2 10 Tf 100 Tz (, 860 F.2d at 1066. ) Tj 0 -14.1 Td 4.1 Ts /F5 6 Tf 100 Tz .5 Tw (19) Tj 0 Ts /F4 10 Tf 100 Tz 1 Tw (See ) Tj (id.) Tj /F2 10 Tf 100 Tz ( at 1065. ) Tj ET Q q 1 0 0 1 156 643.5 cm 0 G .5 w 0 -406.95 m 300 -406.95 l s Q q BT 0 Tr 0 g 1 0 0 1 0 792 Tm /F2 11 Tf 100 Tz 156 -136.5 Td 1.1 Tw 0 Tc (178) Tj 119.5303 0 Td (D) Tj /F2 7.7 Tf 101.2 Tz .79 Tw (OE) Tj /F2 11 Tf 100 Tz 0 Ts 1.1 Tw ( v. T) Tj /F2 7.7 Tf 101.2 Tz .79 Tw (ENET) Tj /F2 11 Tf 100 Tz 0 Ts ET Q q 1 0 0 1 0 792 cm 0 G .5 w 156 -140.25 m 456 -140.25 l s Q endstream endobj 33 0 obj 5000 endobj 31 0 obj << /Type /Page /MediaBox [0 0 612 792] /Parent 30 0 R /Resources << /Font << /F1 6 0 R /F2 7 0 R /F4 9 0 R /F5 17 0 R >> /ProcSet 1 0 R >> /Contents 32 0 R >> endobj %%Page: 9 9 35 0 obj << /Length 36 0 R >> stream q BT 0 Tr 0 g 1 0 0 1 156 643.5 Tm /F2 12 Tf 100 Tz 0 -8.4 Td 2.92 Tw 0 Tc (the Federal Circuit, unlike in the Ninth Circuit after ) Tj /F4 12 Tf 100 Tz (Doe) Tj /F2 12 Tf 100 Tz (,) Tj /F4 12 Tf 100 Tz 0 -13.5 Td 1.2 Tw (Totten) Tj /F2 12 Tf 100 Tz ( remains good law. ) Tj 0 -26.7 Td (II.) Tj 9 Tw ( ) Tj 1.2 Tw /F4 12 Tf 100 Tz (Tucker Act) Tj /F2 12 Tf 100 Tz ( ) Tj 12 -26.7 Td 1.07 Tw (The Tucker Act grants jurisdiction to the Court of Federal) Tj -12 -13.5 Td 2.45 Tw (Claims to hear contract actions against the United States.) Tj 4.9 Ts /F5 6 Tf 100 Tz (20) Tj 0 Ts /F4 12 Tf 100 Tz 0 -13.5 Td 1.58 Tw (Totten) Tj /F2 12 Tf 100 Tz ( itself was brought under a predecessor to the present) Tj 0 -13.5 Td 2.05 Tw (Tucker Act.) Tj 4.9 Ts /F5 6 Tf 100 Tz (21) Tj 0 Ts /F2 12 Tf 100 Tz ( The Tucker Act's conferral of jurisdiction on) Tj 0 -13.5 Td .88 Tw (the Court of Federal Claims has been read to be exclusive of) Tj 0 -13.5 Td 1 Tw (district court jurisdiction when the amount at stake is greater) Tj 0 -13.5 Td 1.2 Tw (than $10,000.) Tj 4.9 Ts /F5 6 Tf 100 Tz .5 Tw (22) Tj 0 Ts /F2 12 Tf 100 Tz 1.2 Tw ( ) Tj 12 -26.7 Td 3.08 Tw (The panel opinion, however, reads the Tucker Act nar-) Tj -12 -13.5 Td 1.7 Tw (rowly, so that even though the Does' claims are in the first) Tj 0 -13.5 Td 1.41 Tw (instance dependent on the contract, the Does can proceed in) Tj 0 -13.5 Td .57 Tw (district court. The panel so holds because the Does purport to) Tj 0 -13.5 Td 1.72 Tw (base their claims on a denial of due process and phrase the) Tj 0 -13.4 Td 1.37 Tw (relief they seek as declaratory and injunctive. Those distinc-) Tj 0 -13.4 Td .63 Tw (tions have no force, however, as we held in ) Tj /F4 12 Tf 100 Tz (Tucson Airport) Tj /F2 12 Tf 100 Tz (.) Tj 4.9 Ts /F5 6 Tf 100 Tz (23) Tj 0 Ts /F2 12 Tf 100 Tz 0 -13.4 Td .83 Tw (There is apparently a circuit conflict between ) Tj /F4 12 Tf 100 Tz (Tucson Airport) Tj /F2 12 Tf 100 Tz 0 -13.4 Td 1.23 Tw (and the District of Columbia Circuit's decision in ) Tj /F4 12 Tf 100 Tz (Transohio) Tj 0 -13.4 Td 1.45 Tw (Savings Bank v. Director, Office of Thrift Supervision) Tj /F2 12 Tf 100 Tz (.) Tj 4.9 Ts /F5 6 Tf 100 Tz (24) Tj 0 Ts /F2 12 Tf 100 Tz ( But) Tj 0 -13.4 Td .17 Tw (this issue should not have been reached here, because the case) Tj /F2 10 Tf 100 Tz 10 -26.6 Td 4.1 Ts /F5 6 Tf 100 Tz .5 Tw (20) Tj 0 Ts /F4 10 Tf 100 Tz 1 Tw (See ) Tj /F2 10 Tf 100 Tz (28 U.S.C. ) Tj 0 Tw ( ) Tj 1 Tw (1491\(a\)\(1\). ) Tj 0 -14.2 Td 4.1 Ts /F5 6 Tf 100 Tz .5 Tw (21) Tj 0 Ts /F4 10 Tf 100 Tz 1 Tw (See ) Tj (Guong) Tj /F2 10 Tf 100 Tz (, 860 F.2d at 1067 \(Nichols, J., concurring\). ) Tj 0 -14.2 Td 4.1 Ts /F5 6 Tf 100 Tz .45 Tw (22) Tj 0 Ts /F4 10 Tf 100 Tz (See Tucson Airport Auth. v. Gen. Dynamics Corp.) Tj /F2 10 Tf 100 Tz (, 136 F.3d 641, 646) Tj -10 -11.4 Td 1 Tw (\(9th Cir. 1998\); ) Tj /F4 10 Tf 100 Tz (see also) Tj /F2 10 Tf 100 Tz ( 28 U.S.C. ) Tj 0 Tw ( ) Tj 1 Tw (1346\(a\)\(2\), 1491\(a\)\(1\). ) Tj 10 -14.2 Td 4.1 Ts /F5 6 Tf 100 Tz .61 Tw (23) Tj 0 Ts /F4 10 Tf 100 Tz (Tucson Airport) Tj /F2 10 Tf 100 Tz (, 136 F.3d at 647 \() Tj (Because the United States' obliga-) Tj -10 -11.4 Td 1.82 Tw (tion is in the first instance dependent on the contract, these claims are) Tj 0 -11.4 Td 1 Tw (contractually-based.) Tj (\). ) Tj 10 -14.2 Td 4.1 Ts /F5 6 Tf 100 Tz 2.06 Tw (24) Tj 0 Ts /F4 10 Tf 100 Tz (Transohio Sav. Bank v. Director, Office of Thrift Supervision) Tj /F2 10 Tf 100 Tz (, 967) Tj -10 -11.4 Td 3.05 Tw (F.2d 598 \(D.C. Cir. 1992\); ) Tj /F4 10 Tf 100 Tz (see ) Tj (Tucson Airport) Tj /F2 10 Tf 100 Tz (, 136 F.3d at 647-48) Tj 0 -11.4 Td .36 Tw (\(Notwithstanding the similarities between this case and ) Tj /F4 10 Tf 100 Tz (Transohio) Tj /F2 10 Tf 100 Tz (, to the) Tj 0 -11.4 Td .5 Tw (extent that the teachings of ) Tj /F4 10 Tf 100 Tz (Transohio) Tj /F2 10 Tf 100 Tz ( relating to constitutional claims are) Tj 0 -11.4 Td 2.05 Tw (inconsistent with the ruling case law of this court, we will not follow) Tj 0 -11.4 Td 1 Tw (them.\). ) Tj ET Q q 1 0 0 1 156 643.5 cm 0 G .5 w 0 -329.45 m 300 -329.45 l s Q q BT 0 Tr 0 g 1 0 0 1 0 792 Tm /F2 11 Tf 100 Tz 439.5 -136.5 Td 1.1 Tw 0 Tc (179) Tj -163.9697 0 Td (D) Tj /F2 7.7 Tf 101.2 Tz .79 Tw (OE) Tj /F2 11 Tf 100 Tz 0 Ts 1.1 Tw ( v. T) Tj /F2 7.7 Tf 101.2 Tz .79 Tw (ENET) Tj /F2 11 Tf 100 Tz 0 Ts ET Q q 1 0 0 1 0 792 cm 0 G .5 w 156 -140.25 m 456 -140.25 l s Q endstream endobj 36 0 obj 4671 endobj 34 0 obj << /Type /Page /MediaBox [0 0 612 792] /Parent 30 0 R /Resources << /Font << /F1 6 0 R /F2 7 0 R /F4 9 0 R /F5 17 0 R >> /ProcSet 1 0 R >> /Contents 35 0 R >> endobj %%Page: 10 10 38 0 obj << /Length 39 0 R >> stream q BT 0 Tr 0 g 1 0 0 1 156 643.5 Tm /F2 12 Tf 100 Tz 0 -8.4 Td .27 Tw 0 Tc (should have been dismissed at the outset because it was based) Tj 0 -13.2 Td 1.2 Tw (on a covert engagement. ) Tj 0 -26.2 Td (III.) Tj 9 Tw ( ) Tj 1.2 Tw /F4 12 Tf 100 Tz (Conclusion) Tj /F2 12 Tf 100 Tz ( ) Tj 12 -26.2 Td 0 Tw (I sincerely hope that Totten's decedent, William Lloyd, was) Tj -12 -13.2 Td 1.22 Tw (the only spy the United States has ever failed to pay what it) Tj 0 -13.2 Td .73 Tw (promised \(assuming Lloyd was telling the truth\), and that the) Tj 0 -13.2 Td .14 Tw (failure occurred only because Lincoln was assassinated before) Tj 0 -13.2 Td .52 Tw (he could see to payment. I hope that the Does' account is fic-) Tj 0 -13.2 Td 1.57 Tw (tional \(though I do not intimate that it is, having no knowl-) Tj 0 -13.2 Td 1.97 Tw (edge\). Little could be worse for our ability to engage spies) Tj 0 -13.2 Td 1.58 Tw (than insecurity about whether they will get what was prom-) Tj 0 -13.2 Td 1.05 Tw (ised to them. If what the Does allege is true, a serious injus-) Tj 0 -13.2 Td 3.39 Tw (tice has been done to them, and the injustice to them is) Tj 0 -13.2 Td 2.58 Tw (seriously harmful to the long-term security interests of the) Tj 0 -13.2 Td 1.2 Tw (United States. ) Tj 12 -26.2 Td .37 Tw (Nevertheless, the judicial branch cannot right such a wrong) Tj -12 -13.2 Td 1.75 Tw (without disclosure of the engagement's existence, which, as) Tj /F4 12 Tf 100 Tz 0 -13.2 Td .57 Tw (Totten) Tj /F2 12 Tf 100 Tz ( said, must remain forever secret. It will not do to have) Tj 0 -13.2 Td .83 Tw (word circulating in whatever former Iron Curtain country the) Tj 0 -13.2 Td 2.25 Tw (Does come from that the collapse of its totalitarian regime) Tj 0 -13.2 Td .93 Tw (was brought about partly by CIA spies and not wholly by its) Tj 0 -13.2 Td .25 Tw (own people's thirst for freedom. 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