NSA�s Central Security Service

©2002基思P.克莱夫

抽象：

This article is part of a larger article that appeared in the April 2002 issue of the U.S. Military Academy�s密码术。还提供了当前CSS副处长，关于CSS本身历史非常简短的简短介绍。A number of references are made to James Bamford�s two books:秘密的身体（2001年5月）和困惑宫（1982年）。我的意图不是吹毛求疵他的作品。Rather, I simply wish to clarify points that readers may find confusing, especially since he is the world�s leading authority on NSA. I not only admire Bamford�s investigative journalism, but also strive toward the very high standard that he has set.

关键词：

国家安全局;NSA;中央安全服务;CSS;服务密码学机构;SCA;服务密码逻辑元素;空军少将蒂·克拉;蝼;空军中将肯尼思·米尼汉A.; Minihan; Communications Security Establishment; CSE; Canadian Forces Supplementary Radio System; CFSRS; SRS; Canadian Forces Information Operations Group; CFIOG; James Bamford; Bamford; Naval Security Group; NSG; NSGC

美国国家安全局（NSA）采用了subagency，中央安全局（CSS）。Its staff numbers 25,000, almost half the 45,000 reported in V. James Bamford�s 1982 book,困惑宫。According to NSA�s Web site:

中央安全局由总统令于1972年成立，以促进美国国家安全局和武装部队的密码学元素之间的全面伙伴关系。通过结合NSA和CSS，我们能够提供防御更统一的国防部（DoD）密码学的努力。该CSS comprises all U.S. military services�Army, Navy, Air Force, and Marines. To further ensure joint operations, the Director of the NSA is also the Chief of the CSS.

NSA�s Web site also describes CSS as "a combat support agency of the DoD." Originally, it was conceived as a "fourth branch of the armed services," according to Bamford.

主任，国家安全局，（DIRNSA）同时为CSS的名义主任，目前空军中将迈克尔·海登五。CSS的有效一天到一天的头是CSS副总空军少将蒂·克拉。她的官方NSA提供的传记指出：

作为主要顾问机构的董事军事密码学的问题，她可以保证对NSA / CSS的责任服兵役的贡献为国家和作战支持机构。金博宝正规网址她负责监督军事密码学系统操作的功能;开发的信号情报和信息安全保障为军队服务的政策和指导;管理NSA / CSS和服务密码逻辑元素的伙伴关系;在国家安全局和CSS监督军事资源管理。

适宜地，Tiiu是战争的日耳曼/北欧神人后，周二被命名的名称。Bamford�s latest book,秘密的身体描述少将蝼为“一个矮胖的女人微红的头发”。据她的官方传记NSA，她出生在巴林根/ Württemberg (48�16'N, 8�51'E), Germany and received a master�s degree in political science from Indiana University (Bloomington) in 1969. Thereafter, her career took a military track. She was a student at the National War College at Fort Lesley J. McNair, Washington, D.C. for eleven months, not "nine" months. Her education includes a yearlong fellowship at Harvard University�s Center for International Affairs, and nineteen months of attaché and language training. Immediately after the latter, in July 1993, she became the first U.S. defense attaché to Lithuania and held that post until August 1995 when she was made a Brigadier General. Thereafter, for three years she was the Director of Intelligence at U.S. Strategic Command headquarters at Offutt AFB, Nebraska before joining NSA as Chief of Staff to the Deputy Director of Operations in October 1998. Before joining NSA, the Brigadier General was promoted to Major General in July 1998. As early as January 1999 she fast-tracked to become Assistant Deputy Director of Operations. Finally, she was promoted to CSS Deputy Chief in November 1999. Her awards and decorations include the following:

有了这样的记录，而后起之秀，她似乎是，她很可能会成为第一位女DIRNSA。Thus, she would become the most powerful woman at an intelligence agency, rivaling Dame Commander of the Bath Stella Rimington, formerly of Britain�s Security Service (commonly known by its wartime-only name, MI5). Amongst the world's most powerful women in intelligence, as CSS Deputy Chief she may be second only to US National Security Advisor Dr. Condoleezza Rice.

在1996年，然后DIRNSA，空军中将肯尼思·米尼汉A.要求同时代表NSA和CSS的CSS密封的创建。CSS的密封设计，并在同一年获得通过。据“情况表＃4”，日期为2000年4月，在CSS密封件的纹章象征如下：

在CSS徽的蓝色背景表示忠诚和坚定。该five-pointed gold mullet is a symbol of ideologies representing the services� common beliefs. Between each point of the mullet is a symbol of the four cryptologic service elements and the American eagle as blazoned on the NSA emblem. The emblems appear in the following order from the upper right: United States Marine Corps; Army Intelligence and Security Command; National Security Agency; Air Intelligence Agency; and the Naval Security Group.

事实上，官方文件NSA举四名武装服务。Both of Bamford�s books, however, are confusing as to which services comprise the CSS. In该益智宫，他先仔细列出了上述服务（使用期限再空军安全局），并省略美国海军陆战队。在紧跟其后的一句话，他说，“他们是士兵，水手，海军陆战队员和飞行员[我加的。“后来，班福德接着简要细节的历史”三密码学服务机构，或中汽南方[我加的。”当描述的入口处国家安全运营中心（NSOC，发音为‘N-袜子’）在秘密的身体他指出，上面的玻璃门都“的封条三organizations that make up the NSA�s own military, the Central Security Service [italics mine]." Earlier, in秘密的身体他再仔细列出了四种服务三 - 使用空军情报局，而不是正式的空军情报局 - 再次省略了海军陆战队。NSA Public Affairs Office Representative Patrick Weadon confirmed that, as per the CSS seal�s explicit depiction, the USMC does have its own cryptologic unit.

Bamford contradicts NSA�s official position of CSS�s great significance.秘密的身体给CSS很少，顺带提。他早期的作品提供了更多的细节，但很不屑一顾。“CSS的超过胸有成竹淘汰计划的事故。”He quotes a former senior NSA official who described it as "�a half-assed, last-minute job� designed to destroy the original fourth-service proposal." Ironically, its establishment compounded the problem of non-unified efforts in cryptology. Bamford described the result as "so disastrous" that CSS was effectively "scrapped, leaving only the chief (DIRNSA) and deputy chief." The "author" of President Nixon�s executive order was James Rodney Schlesinger, then director of the Office of Management and Budget (OMB). In 1973, Schlesinger went on to a five-month tenure as Director of Central Intelligence (DCI) before resigning that post to become Secretary of Defense. Bamford draws attention, however, to the almost unparalleled power vested in the DIRNSA through NSCID No. 6, revised on 17 February 1972, "All instructions issued by the Director under the authority provided in this paragraph shall be mandatory, subject only to appeal to the Secretary of Defense." Thus, the DIRNSA is able to bypass "not only the Joint Chiefs, but even the secretaries of the branches" giving him his own SIGINT Army, Navy, Air Force, and海军陆战队员[斜体挖掘。

It is difficult to reconcile the extreme discrepancy between NSA�s account of CSS�s significance to NSA and its mission versus Bamford�s. He is the leading non-NSA authority on NSA. Certainly, CSS Deputy Chief Major General Kera and her uniformed staff of 25,000 would beg to differ with Bamford. A clue might be found farther north. In the Canadian experience, a military SIGINT wing is not redundant. NSA�s Canadian cousin, the Communications Security Establishment (CSE) relies entirely upon the Canadian Forces Supplementary Radio System (CFSRS) for all raw SIGINT collection. CFSRS has been a part of the Canadian Forces Information Operations Group (CFIOG) since the latter was established 08 May 1998.

Finally, the Naval Security Group (NSG) might be the best indicator of the significance of the military contribution to NSA�s SIGINT efforts. According to Steven Aftergood of the Federation of American Scientists (FAS), the NSG is responsible for "Signals Security matters and, for Data Link Vulnerability Assessment Methodology within the Navy Vulnerability Assessment Program." The Naval Security Group Command (NSGC) "coordinates with, tasks as appropriate, and appraises the efforts of commands and offices of the Department of the Navy and NSA/Central Security Service in the fulfillment of Navy logistics support requirements, as directed by the Secretary of Defense. It also participates in NSA studies as required." The cryptologic staff "work with some of the most sophisticated and complex systems the Navy has to offer in performance of their mission." NSGC�s Commander "reports to the Chief, Central Security Service (CSS) as the Navy Element Commander of the CSS and performs cryptologic functions at the National level as the Commander of the Navy's Service Cryptologic Element (SCE)." Considering just NSG�s structure, naval SIGINT, and by inference all military SIGINT, does not appear to be a mainly nominal entity. Certainly, with the information overload that the Internet has brought, even for NSA, they can use all the help they can get.

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基思P.克莱夫，MCP，网络+，席型网+的传略：

通过职业，基思P.克莱夫是创造者和ChocolateForum.Com的创始人之一。通过副业，他也有兴趣主要是在情报和金融出版自由撰稿人。His articles have appeared in USMA�s密码术，eyetalian杂志，瑞典新闻杂志社，犹太论坛和加拿大犹太新闻。