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CHAPTER 2

国际计划的类型

A. INTRODUCTION

1.可以通过商业出口或政府计划进行涉及国防文章及其出口及相关技术数据的国际计划。这些程序大多数由AECA管辖(reference b)。政府到政府的销售称为外国军事销售(FMS),由SAMM进一步支配(参考D)。Exports of defense articles and related technical data by contractors require a license or other written export authorization pursuant to the ITAR(reference c), except for certain exemptions (see subsection B.3., below and Chapter 4). DoD Components are exempt from the licensing requirements. One of the situations in which commercial exports are exempt from the licensing requirements of the ITAR occurs if the export is in furtherance of a program between a U.S. Government agency and a foreign government (i.e., a government-to-government program). DoD Components must use caution when exercising this exemption status to ensure that they do not aid a contractor in circumventing the ITAR licensing requirements for commercial exports that are not in support of a government-to-government program. "Exports" by DoD Components must comply with agency directives and regulations that implement the AECA, just as the ITAR implements the AECA for commercial exports.

2. NSDM 119(reference t),由NDP-1实施(reference s), is the basic policy that governs decisions on the foreign disclosure of classified articles and information related to both commercial and government international programs.

3.关于外国购买者是否应通过政府对政府计划或直接商业销售获得国防文章的决定通常受特定情况的管辖,并由购买者制定。该原则的例外是仅由于安全原因,总统限制,国际协议,美国互操作性或安全要求,或当购买者使用美国提供的信用基金时,仅通过FMS出售的项目。国防安全援助机构(DSAA)小册子,“收购美国国防文章和服务的直接商业销售和外国军事销售的比较”(参考x)对每种方法的利弊进行了详尽的讨论。

B.国防文章和技术数据的商业出口

1.Defense Articles

A。Unclassified Defense Articles

(1)ITAR的第123部分控制着未分类的国防文章的出口。它要求一个打算在出口之前从ODTC获得许可证的辩护条款的人,除非出口有资格获得豁免。购买者或其他适当文件的采购订单或意向书的副本必须随附许可以永久出口国防文章的申请。在经ODTC批准后,申请(表格DSP-5)成为永久出口的许可。

(2)Temporary exports of defense articles which will return to the United States within a specified period of time, with no transfer of title, require an application and prior approval on Form DSP-73. This form, when approved by ODTC, becomes the license for the temporary export.

b。机密国防文章。ITAR的第125部分控制着机密国防文章的出口。仅使用表格DSP-85,只有美国大使馆的美国国民和外国政府实体,例如大使馆,才可以向ODTC提交申请,以供ODTC进行永久或临时出口或临时进口机密国防文章的进口。它像Forms DSP-5和DSP-73一样,在ODTC批准时成为许可证。DSP-83表格,非转让和使用证书(请参阅第6章)必须随附该申请。

2.技术数据

A。Persons planning to export classified or unclassified technical data must obtain a license from the Department of State prior to the transaction unless the ITAR provides an exemption from licensing. This requirement applies whether the export or disclosure to foreign nationals is in connection with visits by U.S. persons to foreign countries, visits by foreign persons to the United States, or otherwise. The disclosure of technical data during visits by U.S. persons to diplomatic missions and consular offices also requires a license. The method of transmission (e.g., in person, by telephone, correspondence, electronic means, telex, etc.) has no bearing. The export occurs in "...disclosing or transferring technical data to a foreign person, whether in the United States or abroad."

b。The export of technical data to support the filing and processing of patent applications in foreign countries is subject to regulations issued by the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office under 35 U.S.C. 184(参考y)。The export of technical data which exceeds that used to support a domestic filing of a patent application, or to support a foreign filing of an application when no domestic application has been filed, or which has had a secrecy order placed on it by the patent office, requires a license issued by the Department of State.

(1)未分类的技术数据。DSP-5表格是披露未分类技术数据的申请/许可)。ITAR第124部分中的许可程序适用于MLA和TAA。

(2)分类技术数据。

(a)所有出口分类技术数据的应用程序均应在表格DSP-85或MLA或TAA上提交ODTC。只有美国人才可以提交申请或协议。完整的DSP-83必须随附申请。申请随附的机密信息的ODTC必须符合国家工业安全计划手册(NISPOM)(参考z)

(b)一旦ODTC批准了分类技术数据的导出,转移也必须符合5220.22-m/nispom的安全要求。另请参见本手册的B.5。小节。有关承包商职责以及国防调查服务(DIS)执行的功能的更多详细信息。

(c)ITAR的第125部分不涵盖与海军核推进厂,土地原型,其建筑支持和维护的特殊设施(USML VI类(E))以及核武器设计和测试设备(USML类别XVI)。这些由1954年《原子能法》受到能源部和核监管委员会的管辖(参考G), as amended and the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Act of 1978(参考AA)

3。Information Requirements to Support Export Applications.为了加快出口许可决策过程,承包商应包括以下类型的信息及其应用程序。未在下面列出的项目,但也应考虑的项目包括必要的ITAR认证和语句(如果适用),以及表格DSP-83,非转移和使用证书。必须在申请中提供规定的副本数量。

  1. 包括出口授权请求或附件

对美国或外国政府要求的描述证明了拟议的出口;

对任何分类信息的类型和分类级别的描述以及最终必须出口的出口控制技术信息的描述,以及发起该分类信息的任何一个政府实体的姓名,地址和电话号码;

识别给预期收件人和其他国家的相同文章或数据的任何先前许可证;

关于如何保护美国运营和技术利益的讨论(例如,可以扣留某些信息);

评估外国类似文章或技术的可用性;

The identity, including name, address, and telephone number of U.S. and foreign government officials (including U.S. in-country officials) who are knowledgeable concerning the government requirement.

The contractor's opinion on benefits to accrue to the United States from the proposed export.

b。为了在申请批准后促进转移,请在请求中提供或提供:

每个列出的美国实体的《联邦供应商法》(FSC)或商业和政府实体法(CAGE);

在申请上列出的实体的身份,这些实体将在转移过程中具有所有权和/或保管的所有权和/或托管;

提议的转移安排和运输计划(如果需要);

承包商或外国接收者提出的任何安全安排可能需要美国和/或外国政府批准(例如手工运输);和

所有上市承包商的认知安全办公室(CSO)的地址和电话号码的标识。

C。承包商可以同时提交出口授权请求,向控制DOD组件提供请求的副本,包括所有附件和补品,以加快审核过程。控制DOD组件在相关的DD表格254(合同安全规范)中确定,这是所有涉及机密信息的DOD合同所必需的。

4。豁免

A。技术数据豁免。The ITAR, Parts 123, 125 and 126, provide for exemptions to the licensing requirements for the export of classified and unclassified technical data. The exemptions are not applicable to proscribed countries listed in Part 126.1 of the ITAR. The transmission of classified information under an exemption must be in compliance with the NISPOM. The exporter also must certify to the transmittal authority (normally DIS or a DPRO) that the technical data to be exported does not exceed the technical limits of the applicable export authorization. The following exemptions are available for the export of technical data:

(1)根据国防部的正式书面请求或指令,包括机密信息,包括机密信息。行使这种豁免的披露授权必须由国防部对信息具有分类管辖权的DOD组件的本金或指定披露授权书面形式。如上所述,在第3小节中提到的相关DD表格254中标识了DOD组件。

(2)涉及国务院批准的制造许可证或技术援助协议,符合ITAR第124.3条的要求。

(3)Technical data, including classified information, in furtherance of a contract between the exporter and an agency of the U.S. Government, if the contract provides for the export of relevant technical data and such data does not disclose the details or design, development, production or manufacture of any defense article.

(4)以前授权出口到同一收件人的技术数据的副本,包括机密信息。如果修订的技术数据与相同的辩护文章有关,并且修订仅是社论的,并且不添加以前已导出或授权出口到同一接收者的技术的内容,则也将豁免。

(5) Technical data, including classified information, being returned to the original source of import.

(6)与先前已出口或授权出口到同一收件人的机密信息直接相关的技术数据,并且没有提供任何辩护文章的设计,开发,生产或制造的详细信息。

(7) Technical data, including classified information, to be sent by a U.S. corporation to a U.S. person employed by that corporation overseas, or to a DoD Component. The data must be solely for U.S. use, not for support of a proposal or for foreign production or technical assistance. The recipient U.S. person overseas must be either an employee of the U.S. Government or a direct employee of the U.S. corporation and not an employee of a foreign subsidiary or division of the corporation. Classified data must be transferred through official government channels as described in Chapter 6 of this handbook.

(8) Technical data, including classified information, for which the ODTC has granted an exemption in writing to the exporter pursuant to an agreement with the Department of Defense or NASA which requires such exports. ODTC will normally grant this exemption only if the arrangement directly implements an international agreement to which the United States is a party and fulfillment of the agreement requires multiple exports.

(9) Technical data in the form of basic operations, maintenance and training information relating to a defense article lawfully exported or authorized for export to the same recipient. This exemption only applies to exports by the original exporter.

(10)与枪支有关的技术数据不超过口径。50和此类武器的弹药,除了详细的设计,开发,此类武器的弹药外,除了详细的设计,开发,生产,生产或制造信息外;

(11)美国高等教育机构在美国对未分类的技术数据披露给他们是真正的和全职正规员工的外国人。仅当以下情况下,此豁免才可用。

(a)在整个雇用期间,员工的永久住所是美国;

(b)雇员不是根据第126.1部分禁止出口的国家的民族;和

(c)该机构以书面形式告知个人,未经ODTC事先书面许可,不得将技术数据转移给其他外国人。

(12) Technical data approved for public release (i.e., unlimited distribution) by the cognizant U.S. Government department or agency.

b。植物就诊豁免

(1)根据ITAR的第125.5部分的规定,外国人在分类工厂访问期间未分类的技术信息的口头和视觉披露均免除许可要求:

(a)机密访问由ODTC颁发的许可授权;或者

(b)由对分类的文章或数据具有分类管辖权的DOD组件,与实际或潜在的政府对政府计划有关的实际或潜在政府对政府计划批准了分类访问;和

(c) The unclassified information is directly related to the classified article or data previously approved and does not disclose the details of the design, development, production or manufacture of any other defense article. For U.S. Government approved visits, the requirements of the NISPOM must be met.

(2)在由ODTC批准或国防部批准的外国人访问或未分类的工厂访问期间,未分类信息的纪录片披露不受许可要求,前提是文件未披露超过授权口头的技术数据和视觉披露。该文档不得包含可用于设计,开发,生产或制造辩护物品的技术数据,除非第4项中描述的豁免。(a)(2)上述适用。

(3)The oral and visual disclosure of classified information to a foreign person during a plant visit approved by the appropriate DoD component is exempt from licensing requirements if:

(a) The visit complies with the requirements of the NISPOM (see also Chapter 7 of this handbook);

(b)分类信息直接与DOD组件批准的披露范围有关;

(c)披露并未披露任何其他辩护文章的设计,开发,生产或制造的细节。

C。政府机构的豁免。如果出口为:

(1)该机构的正式使用或

(2)开展任何外国援助,cooperative project or sales program authorized by law and subject to the control of the President by other means. This exemption only applies when all aspects of the transaction (export, carriage, and delivery abroad) are effected by a DoD Component, or when the export is covered by a U.S. Government Bill of Lading. This exemption does not apply when a DoD Component acts as a transmittal agent on behalf of a private individual or firm, either as a convenience or in satisfaction of security requirements. The approval of ODTC must be obtained before defense articles exported pursuant to this exemption are permanently transferred to a foreign person (e.g., property disposal of surplus defense articles overseas) unless:

(a)根据AECA或根据1961年《外国援助法》(FAA)(FAA)的AECA或出售,租赁或贷款的赠款,租赁,贷款或合作项目的转让,(参考BB), or

(b)除了恢复的可能性之外,国防条款无用。应咨询ITAR的第126.4部分以获取详细信息。

DoD Components must use caution to ensure that this exemption is not used to circumvent the licensing requirements of the ITAR. See also subparagraph d., below.

d。外国军事销售豁免。根据执行国防部的要约和接受信(LOA)的出口国防文章和服务的出口,如果出口伴随着未归类的出口表格DSP-94或批准的LOA,则允许无牌照(LOA)出口。分类出口。该出口必须由国务院注册的认知外交任务或正确清除和指定的货运代理。如果出口涉及机密文章或数据,则必须有批准的运输计划,并且安全安排必须符合NISPOM。

e。加拿大豁免。ITAR允许第126.5条允许出口任何未分类的国防文章或未经许可的未分类技术数据,如果加拿大公民在加拿大提供最终用途或返回美国,则有以下例外:

(1)USML I类的全自动枪支(a)不是为联邦政府或加拿大省级或市政政府的最终用途;

(2)核武器战略交付系统以及专门为此类系统和相关设备设计的所有组件,零件,配件,附件;

(3)USML类别XVI中列出的核武器设计和测试设备;

(4)USML VI类别中列出的海军核推进设备(E);

(5) Aircraft listed in USML Category VIII(a);

(6)USML类别XX(a)至(d)中列出的潜水和海洋学及其相关文章。

(7)技术资料供外国人使用other than a Canadian.

(8)未分类的技术数据与分类的辩护文章直接相关。

上述规定不符合AECA三十天国会通知期,或不得提交ITAR第123.22条要求的托运人出口声明。在签发许可证之前,必须满足国会通知要求。这种豁免不得用于加拿大国防文章的制造或提供国防服务。这些要求根据ITAR第124部分的制造许可证或技术援助协议或离岸采购的规定授权。美国/加拿大联合认证计划将在第4章第8款中讨论。

5。Defense Investigative Service Responsibilities.ODTC will forward the original of the approved license or agreement for the export of classified articles and technical data to the Defense Investigative Service (DIS), with a copy to the exporter. After verifying the articles and data to be exported against the export authorization, and ensuring that all security requirements are satisfied (see Chapter 6 of this handbook), DIS or a designated government representative appointed by DIS, will authorize transfer. DIS will return the endorsed license to ODTC upon completion of the export or expiration of the license or agreement, which ever occurs first.

6。Commercial and Dual-Use Items.商务部对商业和双重使用出口具有管辖权。双重使用技术和硬件被认为具有可能的军事应用。商务部规范出口以实施国家安全管制,美国外交政策,并控制可能缺乏供应的商品。出口管理法规包含所有受控商品的清单。此列表称为商务控制列表(CCL)。此外,商务部将外国分为“国家群体”。此清单也包括在耳朵中。出口商需要在出口之前知道国家组的指定和CCL号。出口管理局(BXA)是管理所有商务部一般类型(G-Dest,Git,Glr,Gift,Gift,GTDA,GTDA,GTDR,GTDU等)的办公室。它还管理分销许可证,项目许可证和短供应许可证。

C.政府计划

1.安全援助和安全援助管理手册(SAMM)。Security assistance transactions are administered and managed by the Department of Defense. The security assistance program is comprised of a group of programs authorized by the Foreign Assistance Act (FAA), and the AECA, and other related statutes. Under these authorities the United States provides defense articles, military training, and other defense related services, by grant, credit, cash sales, loans or leases in furtherance of national policies and objectives. The SAMM provides detailed guidance concerning these programs. Security assistance programs must follow the same DoD policies concerning the disclosure of CMI and CUI as other international programs.

A。外国军事销售。最大的安全援助计划之一是FMS计划。这是一项计划,符合条件的外国政府和国际组织从美国政府购买国防文章和服务。这些交易的例子是军事设备的销售,支持出版物,培训,技术数据包和工程服务。金博宝更改账户要约和接受信(LOA)是建立和执行FMS交易的通常文件。LOA通常被认为是合同形式,而不是国防部指令5530.3含义内的国际协议。(reference cc)。因此,LOA特别免于DOD指令5530.3的要求。除了LOA的第二条(标准条款和条件)中的安全和技术规定外,SAMM(第70105.L.3部分)还提供了附件中的其他安全规定。

(1)国防文章和服务的转移还可能包括美国国防政府与美国原籍的技术数据发布给外国接收者。传输技术数据的最突出的工具是技术数据包(TDP)。TDP通常包括足以实现防御物品或组件或其修改的技术设计和制造信息,或者可以执行某些操作,维护或生产过程。

(2)基本上有三个理由向外国政府提供技术数据。首先是确保外国接收者继续维护美国原产设备。第二个是考虑对美国要求共同制作或许可生产项目的要求进行评估或研究。第三个是用于生产物品或组件的生产,后续开发或改进美国设备的项目。共同制作在下面的C.1.D.项中进行了描述。

(3)The SAMM requires that the LOA clearly state that the purpose of the TDP is for one of the following:

(a) "This TDP is for operation and maintenance only; no production is authorized.

(b)“此TDP仅用于研究目的 - 没有授权生产。”

(c)“此TDP用于生产目的。”

b。租赁。美国政府可以根据AECA第61至64条的权力将国防条款租赁给外国政府或国际组织,当时有令人信服的外交政策和国家安全理由。租赁需要事先获得董事DSAA的批准。典型的案例是租赁一篇文章,用于测试目的,以帮助政府决定是否从美国采购该文章以及军事设备的租赁(例如,船舶,飞机和车辆)供行动使用。租赁支付租金,并承诺根据租赁条款将文章恢复为原始条件。SAMM中的标准租赁协议是执行此计划的工具。国防部指令5230.11的规定(reference dd),也适用。

C。贷款和赠款。

(1)FAA Loans Of Defense Articles.FAA第503条授权向外国政府和国际组织的国防物品贷款(材料,用品和设备)贷款,并获得事先批准。贷款的费用被收取用于军事援助拨款。

(2)国防文章的AECA贷款AECA的第65条和国防部备忘录副部长,“授权给国防机构的军事部门和董事”,1990年11月27日(参考EE)提供贷款材料,用品和设备的授权,以便从北约和非北约盟友那里获得国防材料,用品或设备的贷款或礼物,以进行合作研发目的。需要在国防部指令5530.3的含义内达成国际协议。这些不是安全协助计划。

(3)货币赠款和贷款。Sections 23, 24 and 31 of the AECA authorize the Foreign Military Financing Program (FMFP) which consists of grants or loans, using Congressionally appropriated funds that enable eligible foreign governments to purchase U.S. defense articles, services and training through either FMS or direct commercial sales. There is no repayment required for a grant. The SAMM provides a sample loan agreement. DoD Directive 5230.11 also applies to grants and loans of small quantities of classified items for test and evaluation.

d。共同制作/许可生产。共同制作是国防部国际计划的重要组成部分。盟友对生产和组装全部或部分美国发达的武器系统的兴趣更大,从而提高了其工业技能并为公民提供工作。在联合制作下,美国政府使外国政府,国际组织或指定的商业生产商可以获取技术数据和专业知识,以制造或组装美国国防设备。可以通过任何一项国际协议,FMS安排和直接商业协议的任何一项或组合来实施合并。协同制作协议遵守国防部指令5530.3的规定以及国防部指令5230.11和5230.20的安全要求。(reference ff)。有执照的生产提供了类似的工具,用于传输技术数据和专有技术,但它基于与国际组织,外国政府或外国商业公司的美国商业公司的协议。

e。国际军事教育和培训(IMET)计划。IMET计划是国防部为符合条件外国和国际组织的军事和国防机构提供赠款培训的手段。该培训包括在美国和海外的正式和非正式指导,或者通过对信函,出版物和媒体,各种培训,培训辅助,培训,培训演习以及对外国军事部队和部队的军事建议。金博宝更改账户LOA是向国外提供此类培训的通常工具。

2.Cooperative Research And Development (R&D).美国与盟友和其他友好的政府以及国际组织一起参加了各种各样的合作研发计划,包括涉及科学和技术信息的交流计划。以下是对属于合作研发类别的程序类型的简要说明。

A。数据和信息交换程序。

(1) In these programs the DoD exchanges certain technical data with other countries in order to identify cooperative opportunities to avoid wasteful or duplicative research and development. Examples of data and information exchange programs are the Defense Data Exchange Program (DDEP), various NATO R&D programs, The Technical Cooperation Program (TTCP) and the American-British-Canadian-Australian Forum (ABCA). Both of the latter two programs involve the United States, Canada, Australia, the United Kingdom and New Zealand. These programs normally involve the sharing of defense related basic scientific and technical information or technology base development information. Data and information exchange programs require an international agreement as prescribed in DoD Directive 5530.3.

(2)基本科学和技术信息的普遍接受的定义是与基本理论,设计和数据有关的信息,以纯粹是对可能的军事应用进行理论或实验研究的信息。它不包括制造知识,设计和生产信息或有关系统功能和运营或发展系统脆弱性的信息。

(3)技术基础开发的普遍认可的定义是信息,包括基础研究,探索性开发和先进技术开发的演示。这些分别是DOD R&D预算拨款类别6.1、6.2和6.3a。其中包括在开发特定武器系统之前对替代方案和概念的探索。还包括可行性演示,测试和评估新概念,技术或设备以及对通用系统的替代解决方案和研究。

(4)关于数据或信息交换计划的协议不应用于避免外国披露和与其他法律和政策所管辖的计划有关的其他要求,例如外国销售,设备的贷款或租赁以及合作开发。但是,信息和数据交换计划通常会导致建立其他计划,例如合作开发项目。有关国际协议下的计划的进一步讨论,请参见本手册的第5章。

b。工程师和科学家交流计划。The objective of the Engineer and Scientist Exchange Program (ESEP) is to promote international cooperation in military research, development, test and evaluation (RDT&E) through the exchange of defense establishment engineers and scientists. It provides for on-site working assignments for DoD military and civilian engineering and scientific (E&S) persons in allied and friendly countries and the reciprocal assignment of foreign E&S persons to U.S. defense establishments. These assignments are in areas of technical interest related to conventional weapon systems and equipment. See also Chapter 7.

C。Cooperative Research and Development Programs

(1) The Department of Defense is authorized to conduct cooperative research and development programs with allies and other friendly countries under both Title 10 (Armed Forces) and Title 22 (Foreign Relations and Intercourse) of the U.S.C. The objectives of these programs are to enhance U.S. and allied security; strengthen political, military and economic alliances; promote harmonization of mutual requirements; and lay the foundation for future cooperation.

(2)在开始合作开发计划之前,国防部的组件必须考虑合作的潜在利益和责任。这些考虑因素包括但不限于系统和/或技术绩效,披露影响,技术转移和/或获取,合理化,标准化和互操作性(RSI);销售权和限制;来源选择和收缩;并影响美国国防工业基础。第8章讨论并描述了分析这些问题所需的文档。金博宝正规网址

d。The Foreign Comparative Testing (FCT) Program.The FCT Program is a test and evaluation program that encourages the DoD Components to fully evaluate allied and friendly foreign nations' systems, weapons or technology as a procurement option to satisfy a valid requirement. The 1990 DoD Authorization Act(参考HH)established this program. It consolidates the 1970s individual Military Component programs for testing foreign weapons, the Foreign Weapons Evaluation (FWE) program of the 1980s and the NATO Comparative Testing (NCT) Program. Classified and other sensitive U.S. test data shall be provided to the foreign governments or manufacturers in accordance with Chapters 3 and 4 of this handbook.

e。Foreign Test Of U.S. Equipment.外国可以在决定是购买美国设备还是自己生产之前,要求对美国设备进行测试。除非负责DOD组件的负责人与国防部收购和技术国防部长办公室(OUSD(AT))协调,否则测试必须受到美国的控制。DOD指令5230.11是适用的指令。

D. PROGRAMS WITH NATO

1.美国是北大西洋条约组织(北约)的成员。该成员构成了独特的安全和披露挑战。通常,向组织释放的机密信息可酌情提供给所有成员。因此,在授权CMI向北约披露之前,必须考虑此因素。

2.国防部涉及许多北约组织要素。国家军备主管会议(CNAD)是国防相关研究与发展的主要组织。CNAD的使命是监视,协调和支持联盟军备计划的开发和实施。其从属体被分为“主要群体”和“干部组”及其下属。主要小组提供了讨论和交流合作研发计划的信息和指导的论坛。它们是发起合作努力的主要行动机构。干部小组致力于影响合作计划的广泛材料采集问题,而不是专注于特定计划。金博宝正规网址

A。主要小组包括北约陆军军备集团(NAAG),北约海军军备集团(NNAG),北约空军军备集团(NAFAG),国防研究小组(DRG),通信和电子设备的三级服务小组(TSGCEE),北约工业咨询小组(NIAG)和北约收购实践集团。

b。干部小组包括国家编纂的国家董事小组,国家质量保证董事小组,设计原理和测试的合理化小组以及爆炸性材料和爆炸性商店的安全标准等。

C。此外,国防部还有其他北约组织和附属机构。北约生产和物流组织(NPLOS)是北约的子公司组织,负责执行北大西洋委员会已授予其明确定义的组织,行政和财务独立性的任务,以满足生产和物流领域的成员的要求,通常与武器或武器系统采购有关。北约管理办公室或机构负责NPLO项目的管理。例如,一个这样的组织,北约维护和供应组织(NAMSO)被租用,以为北约成员提供的武器和设备系统提供后勤支持服务。这些功能的日常执行是由北约维护和供应机构(NAMSA)执行的。国防部还参加了北约基础设施计划,北约各国在该计划中充当北约管理北约基础设施项目(例如机场)的代理商。

d。国防部组件的外国披露机构负责事先向国际组织及其组成的员工和组织披露披露。为了限制组织内的访问,披露可能取决于与组织的事先安排,以限制对指定组件或人员的访问。

E.相互采购安排

1. To promote standardization of defense equipment within NATO, the Congress enacted the Culver-Nunn Amendment to the FY 1977 Defense Authorization Act (P.L. No. 94-361)(参考HH)。Culver-Nunn authorizes the Secretary of Defense to waive the Buy American Act of 1933 (41 U.S.C. 10a)(参考II)when it is determined that it is inconsistent with the public interest to apply the restrictions of the Buy American Act to DoD's acquisitions for public use of certain supplies mined, produced or manufactured in certain foreign countries. With the impetus of Culver-Nunn, the Department of Defense negotiated and signed reciprocal procurement memoranda of understanding (MOUs) with the NATO nations. The Department of Defense negotiated similar agreements with additional nations over the years (see subparagraph (5), below).

2.相互采购谅解备忘录是国防部与一个盟国或友好国家国防部之间的双边协议。它旨在使签署国的承包商有机会在竞争性的基础上参与另一个国家的国防采购。

3。Under the MOUs, the United States also waives the provisions of the Buy American Act of 1933 and the Balance of Payments Program(参考JJ)。Similarly, the allies must waive their "buy national" restrictions. This means that the industries of the signatory nations have an equal opportunity to bid on announced procurements.

4.并非所有限制都被摩托车放弃。例如,国防部限制了美国和加拿大的来源采购,该物品在民族动员或紧急情况下被确定至关重要。此外,它限于包括某些机密信息或敏感技术,为小型企业拨出的采购以及任何其他受法律或法规限制的物品的采购。其他签署者限制了类似的项目,尽管在某些情况下,其限制不是很好。签约机构通常在《商业日报》(CBD)中宣布计划的美国采购。该公告必须列出与特定采购有关的任何限制。计划和外国披露/安全人员应审查适用的计划保护计划,技术评估/控制计划和合作机会文件(请参阅F节,下面和第8章),以确定出于安全原因或技术控制是否适用外国参与的限制在转发提案请求(RFP)软件包之前,请签发宣布公告。

5。The DoD currently has reciprocal procurement MOUs or similar agreements with 21 countries:

澳大利亚奥地利比利时加拿大

Denmark Egypt Finland France

希腊德国以色列意大利

卢森堡荷兰挪威葡萄牙

Spain Sweden Switzerland Turkey

英国

6.国防部指令5000.1(参考KK),国防部指令5000.2(参考LL)和国防部5000.2-m(参考mm)should be consulted for details on the DoD acquisition system.

F.计划国际计划

美国和北约国家的国防预算减少,在其他盟友和友好的国家,加上武器系统的高昂成本,在武器系统的开发方面产生了更多的国际合作。预计这种趋势将继续。因此,计划必须从系统获取计划开始时开始考虑是否允许外国参与,而不会危及美国的军事能力和国防技术基础。外国参与包括合作开发以及随后的合作和销售。DOD指令5000.2要求此计划在国防习得过程中开始。这应该从概念定义开始。在与收购过程有关的几个文献要求中,以下文档在第8章中更详细地进行了讨论,构成了确定外国参与计划和必要安全安排的基础。这些文档是相互支持的,因此应使用团队方法准备。

*技术评估/控制计划。最初的purpose of the Technology Assessment/Control Plan (TA/CP) was to provide a standard process to be used by program managers in describing the scope of their program and developing foreign disclosure, security, and negotiating guidelines for agreements on cooperative programs. DoD Directive 5530.3 requires a TA/CP as part of the package that requests authority to negotiate an international agreement. The Deputy Secretary of Defense expanded the purpose to include its use to expedite decisions on government and commercial sales of military systems and other foreign involvement in U.S. defense acquisition programs. The TA/CP is required at Milestone I of the acquisition cycle, and must be updated, if necessary, at each subsequent milestone.

*计划保护计划。DOD指令5000.2在Milestone I和随后的所有里程碑上也需要计划保护计划(PPP)。其目的是描述保护国防项目和技术数据免受敌对收集工作以及在系统生命周期期间未经授权的披露或妥协的措施。它解决了基本程序信息,技术和系统(EPITS)的保护,而不是试图保护一切。它试图仅使用来自DOD指令5000.2中列出的七个安全学科中的选定对策来对抗确认的漏洞。

3合作机会文件。合作机会文件(COD)记录了盟军参与国防系统采集计划的可能性。美国法典10号2350a(reference gg)要求国防部对在主要收购计划中与盟国进行合作研究,开发或生产的机会进行彻底的分析。国防部指令5000.2扩大了分析,以包括其他形式的国际活动,例如FMS,组件或子组件代码开发,或者从盟军来源纳入子系统。它需要针对非律师收购计划进行相同的分析。国防部的收购主管批准并将COD转发给Milestone I的里程碑决策机构,并在随后的里程碑上适当更新。