国会记录：2005年2月7日（参议院）Page S1051-S1053关于由Wyden先生引入的账单和联合决议的陈述：299.一项条例草案，以便在公众提供伊朗的能源部门的某些投资的条例草案，出于其他目的;向银行，住房和城市事务委员会。威登先生。主席先生，在他的首届地址中，再次在联盟国家主席布什承诺接受世界各地的暴政。世界上有一个角落，暴政是境界的货币，其中一个国家在其余的休息之上，剩下的肩膀对自己的人民和敌对朝着邻国的敌意。那个国家是伊朗。伊朗经济的生命线是石油。石油占伊朗出口收益的80％，近一半的政府预算和该国GDP的近五分之一。每次原油价格上涨1美元桶，伊朗出口收益约为9亿美元。 Crude oil prices rose around $15 over the course of 2004, giving Iran a hurricane-force revenue windfall last year. Although most U.S. energy companies ceased dealing with Iran when President Clinton imposed sanctions against the regime in 1995, some appear unable to resist the lure of investing in a country that holds 10 percent of the world's proven oil reserves, is OPEC's second largest producer and has the world's second largest natural gas reserves, behind Russia. In June of last year, for example, a grand jury in the U.S. issued a subpoena to Halliburton seeking information on the work in Iran of its Cayman Islands subsidiary. The Department of Justice has an ongoing criminal investigation into whether Halliburton violated any laws by trading with Iran through a subsidiary. Just a few days ago, Halliburton's CEO announced the company would withdraw its employees from Iran and end its business activities there when it fulfills its ongoing contracts, including a $35 million gas drilling project it just won last month. GE just made a similar announcement about its subsidiary's activities in Iran. Foreign companies seeking profits from Iran's energy reserves do not have to worry about such impediments as economic sanctions. Indeed, their governments often bless and sometimes lend Them a hand to help win lucrative contracts. When U.S.-based Conoco had to terminate its $550 million contract to develop some offshore oil and gas fields in 1995, France's Total and Malaysia's Petronas jumped in. In March 1999, France's Elf Aquitaine and Italy's Eni/Agip won a $1 billion contract for a secondary offshore recovery program. In April 1999, TotalFinaElf teamed up with Eni and Canada's Bow Valley Energy to develop an offshore oil field. Shell, BP and Lukoil are also frequently mentioned as being in the chase for Iranian oil and gas contracts. The Economist Intelligence Unit estimates Iran has attracted $15-$20 billion in combined foreign investment in hydrocarbons. Not only are foreign companies heavily invested in Iran's hydrocarbon sector, but Iran ships some 2.6 million barrels of oil a day to Japan, China, South Korea, Taiwan and Europe. If President Bush is serious about chasing down tyrants around the globe, he should use every possible means. The legislation I am introducing today, the Investor in Iran Accountability Act, would give the President a powerful tool by holding accountable those [[Page S1052]] who lend the Iranian regime crucial financial assistance by investing in its energy sector. First, the legislation would shine a spotlight on those American companies, like Halliburton, which have used the loophole in the Iran sanctions act to continue to do business with Iran in the energy sector. The bill would require the Treasury Secretary to publish a list of the United States companies whose subsidiaries continue to do energy deals with Iran. While I personally do not believe there should be any more backdoor deals with Iran, my view is that an informed American public is best equipped to hold these companies accountable. Second, the legislation would hold up to the light of public accountability those foreign companies that have more than $1 million invested in Iran's energy interests by requiring the Treasury Department to publish a list of those companies as well. Third, the legislation would give American investors for the first time an idea of those U.S. pension and retirement plans, mutual funds and other financial instruments that hold investments in these U.S. and foreign companies by requiring the Treasury Department to publish a list of all public and private U.S. financial interests that hold more than $100,000-worth of investment in these companies. Finally, because unilateral economic sanctions penalize American companies and open the field to foreign companies without inflicting any real economic pain on Iran, the bill directs the President to negotiate an end to foreign investment in Iran's energy sector with the appropriate foreign governments. Some of my colleagues will remember that in the late 1970s and 1980s Congress struggled with ways to force the South African regime to abandon apartheid. One of the most effective tools in that fight was a public armed with information about which companies were doing business there so that American shareholders could choose to place their money elsewhere. The movement by American investors to rid their portfolios of holdings in companies that persisted in doing business with the apartheid regime in South African proved to be one of the most potent tools in the fight to end apartheid. This legislation will arm American investors with knowledge about which U.S. and foreign companies are supporting Iran's critical energy sector and which U.S. entities hold investments in them. With this knowledge, it is my hope that American investors will choose not to aid and abet the Iranian regime by continuing to hold shares in companies or funds that invest in the Iranian oil and gas sector. The Iranian regime has made no secret of its desire to attract billions of dollars-worth of foreign investment, particularly to the energy sector. It even adopted a law in January 2003 specifically designed to attract foreign investors. Iran, which has recently discovered some new reserves of 30 billion barrels of crude oil, has ambitious plans to expand oil production from around 3.9 million barrels a day in 2004 to 5 million barrels a day in 2009. But with deteriorating equipment and the natural decline rate of existing wells, it simply cannot achieve those goals without significant foreign help. In closing, I would point out that the Securities and Exchange Commission has determined that significant corporate operations in countries subject to U.S. economic sanctions, such as Iran, can represent a material risk to United States investors and that such investments should be properly disclosed. My bill would make sure this information is disclosed to the American public. I ask unanimous consent that the text of the bill be printed in the Record. There being no objection, the bill was ordered to be printed in the Record, as follows: S. 299 Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States of America in Congress assembled, SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE. This Act may be cited as the ``Investor in Iran Accountability Act of 2005''. SEC. 2. FINDINGS. Congress makes the following findings: (1) The Department of State's Patterns of Global Terrorism report for 2003 stated that ``Iran remained the most active state sponsor of terrorism in 2003''. (2) That report further stated that-- (A) Iran continues to provide funding, safehaven, training, and weapons to known terrorist groups, including Hizballah, HAMAS, the Palestine Islamic Jihad, and the Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine; and (B) the Government of Iran's poor human rights record continues to worsen. (3) In 1979, in response to the Islamic Revolution in Iran and the holding of United States citizens as hostages in Iran, the United States imposed economic sanctions against Iran that prohibit virtually all trade and investment activities with Iran by citizens of the United States or United States companies. (4) The United States does not prohibit foreign subsidiaries of United States companies from investing in Iran if the foreign subsidiary is independent of the United States parent company. (5) A number of subsidiaries of United States companies appear to be taking advantage of this condition and are investing in the energy sector in Iran through such subsidiaries. (6) According to the Energy Information Administration of the Department of Energy, Iran is the second largest oil producer in the Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) and holds 10 percent of the world's proven oil reserves. (7) According to the Energy Information Administration, the economy of Iran relies heavily on revenues generated by the export of oil and such revenues account for approximately 80 percent of Iran's total annual export earnings, nearly one- half of the annual budget of the Government of Iran, and as much as one-fifth of the gross domestic product of Iran. (8) According to the Energy Information Administration, Iran is actively seeking significant new foreign investment in the energy sector and experts believe that with sufficient investment Iran could increase its crude oil production capacity significantly. (9) The Department of Justice is conducting a criminal investigation into whether United States companies have violated any law by trading or investing with Iran through a subsidiary company that may not be completely independent of the parent company. (10) The Securities and Exchange Commission has determined that significant corporate operations in countries subject to economic sanctions, such as Iran, can represent a material risk to investors in the United States and that such investments should be properly disclosed. SEC. 3. POLICY OF THE UNITED STATES. It is the policy of the United States-- (1) to enforce fully existing economic sanctions imposed by United States law against Iran, including sanctions imposed under the Iran and Libya Sanctions Act of 1996 (50 U.S.C. 1701 note) on persons that make certain investments that contribute to Iran's ability to develop and exploit its petroleum and natural gas resources; (2) to make available to the public information regarding a United States person or a person that is controlled in fact by a United States person who maintains any direct or indirect investment in the energy sector in Iran; and (3) to seek international cooperation in fully enforcing economic sanctions against Iran and in prohibiting any direct or indirect investment in Iran until Iran ceases to support international terrorism. SEC. 4. DEFINITIONS. In this Act: (1) Controlled in fact.--The term ``controlled in fact'' includes-- (A) with respect to a corporation, the holding of at least 50 percent (by vote or value) of the capital structure of the corporation; and (B) with respect to a legal entity other than a corporation, the holding of interests representing at least 50 percent of the capital structure of the entity. (2) Energy sector.--The term ``energy sector'' means any research, exploration, development, production, sale, distribution, or advertising of natural gas, oil, or petroleum resources or nuclear power. (3) State.--The term ``State'' means each of the several States of the United States, the District of Columbia, the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, Guam, the Virgin Islands, and other territories or possessions of the United States. (4) United states person.--The term ``United States person'' means any citizen of the United States, permanent resident alien, or entity organized under the laws of the United States or of any State, wherever located (including foreign branches). SEC. 5. PUBLICATION OF INFORMATION ON INVESTMENTS. (a) Requirement to Publish.--Not later than 120 days after the date of enactment of this Act, the Secretary of the Treasury shall publish in the Federal Register and make available to the public on the Internet website of the Department of the Treasury-- (1) a list of each United States person or each person that is controlled in fact by a United States person that maintains any direct or indirect investment in the energy sector in Iran; (2) a list of each foreign person that owned investments in the energy sector in Iran with a total value of more than $1,000,000 during the 12-month period ending on the date of the publication in the Federal Register; and [[Page S1053]] (3) a list of-- (A) any United States person that holds the securities of a person described in paragraph (1) or (2) valued at more than $100,000; (B) any investment company registered under section 8 of the Investment Company Act of 1940 that invests, reinvests, or trades in the securities of a person described in paragraph (1) or (2); (C) any pension plan or other Federal or State retirement plan that invests in the securities of persons described in paragraph (1) or (2); and (D) such other investors in the securities of persons described in paragraph (1) or (2) as the Secretary determines is appropriate to carry out the policy set out in section 3. (b) Requirement of Update.--The Secretary of the Treasury shall update the lists described in paragraphs (1) through (3) of subsection (a) at least once during each calendar year. Such updates shall be published in the Federal Register and made available to the public on the Internet website of the Department of the Treasury. SEC. 6. INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION. The President, acting through the Secretary of the Treasury, the Secretary of State, or the head of any other appropriate Federal department or agency, shall undertake negotiations with the government of a foreign country to prohibit any direct or indirect investment in the energy sector in Iran by any person that is controlled in fact by that foreign country. SEC. 7. EXTENSION OF THE IRAN AND LIBYA SANCTIONS ACT OF 1996. Section 13(b) of the Iran and Libya Sanctions Act of 1996 (50 U.S.C. 1701 note) is amended by striking ``10'' and inserting ``15''. ______