有烟的地方，有火：利用有效的沟通来弥合野火科学与政策之间的差距
在一个环境中火灾季节是把to fire years, and summer skies across North America are filled with wildfire smoke from as far away as another coast, the need for scientifically accurate wildland fire policy has never been greater.
Over the past several months, COMPASS Science Communication has been working in collaboration with theFederation of American Scientists，，，，保护X实验室，，，，and the加利福尼亚科学技术委员会解决科学与野外消防政策之间的差距。通过FAS的Wildland Fire Policy Accelerator，，，，COMPASS has been working with its partner organizations to help scientists draft recommendations for theWildland Fire Mitigation and Management Commission这是一项由2021年两党基础设施法的联邦委员会，该法将在2023年底之前向国会报告其调查结果。在整个加速器过程中，Compass一直是一个能力建设组织作为听众与委员会交谈的消息。
How did we get here?
火是一个自然过程，在许多陆地生态系统中都起着作用。然而，一个世纪的火灾导致有机质的积累otherwise have been burned by naturally-occurring fire. Fire allows ecosystems to recycle nutrients, clear out waste, and prevent high-intensity fires that do more harm than good.
The buildup of organic matter, or fuel, coupled with a drier, warmer climate and burgeoning development in fire prone landscapes means that when fires start —and they will，要么是由于人类的活动，闪电，甚至是自发燃烧的情况，因此在历史记录中，它们往往比自然火灾更大，更具破坏力和更快的增长。在过去的十年中，整个美国西部都创下了创纪录的野火，数百万英亩的土地被烧毁，数千所房屋被摧毁，数百人死亡。
面对这项挑战，委员会有一项艰巨的任务：为修改联邦消防政策的建议，这会影响从燃料处理策略（例如开处方火或稀疏）到烟雾的公共卫生准则，到航空消防的航空政策努力。但是，这一挑战带来了一个巨大的机会来创造持久的变化，这将促进更公平和可持续的消防实践。
Communication strategies for scientists
It goes without saying that there’s a communication gap between wildland fire science and policy, and about wildfire writ large. Historically, communication about fire has focused on total wildfire prevention, epitomized by Smokey Bear. Throughout FAS’ Wildland Fire Policy Accelerator process, COMPASS has helped scientists refine their message to bridge that gap, namely through aMessage Boxtraining. Within the framework of a federal policy opportunity, understanding how to communicate effectively is crucial — policymakers have limited time, and ensuring that a message is both relevant and trustworthy is at the root of the science communication challenge.
Understanding the intent of the audience is vital:the federal wildland fire space is incredibly complex, touching on many different agencies with often-competing jurisdictions. In order to articulate a compelling, effective message, it must be targeted at the right audience, and be tailored towards what they care about. Is the targeted agency tasked with managing forests for logging and recreation, for promoting public health, or something else entirely? Understanding the nuance of the federal space is vital for pitching an idea, and through the Accelerator, scientists have had an opportunity to work with policy experts to better understand how their research can be most effectively applied.
Leading with the message is key:经常在科学出版物中使用的经典自下而上的写作方法并不总是有效的，尤其是在与结果驱动的决策者交流时。金博宝更改账户研究设计和研究环境不一定是400个单词政策建议的起点 - 什么是“什么”，它如何应对手头的挑战，为什么要采取这条路线？这些问题是政策驱动的科学沟通的基础，消息框直接解决了它们。
Developing a Science Message
In COMPASS trainings, scientists have the opportunity to workshop their ideas and apply them with specific communication tools. In the specific case of the Wildland Fire Accelerator, COMPASS offered aMessage Box training对于从空中数据收集到土著文化燃烧到火灾建模的专家而言。
消息框是一种工具，用于以专注的，与受众相关的方式提出一个想法，并且Meg Krawchuk博士，谁领导Landscape Fire and Conservation Science Research Group在俄勒冈州立大学，很友善地分享她的。Krawchuk博士是一名消防生态学家，专门从事森林干扰，火灾的空间分布以及文化和土地管理决策。她的留言框解决了一个关键，简单的问题：科学，森林和野外火灾管理经常彼此断开连接，导致未能将最新的科学和数据与地面上的努力整合在一起。Krawchuk博士简要地解释说，野火与其实施之间存在差距。好处显然与解决方案有关：已经有联邦势头将科学交付与森林经理联系起来，以开发有效的森林处方，而解决方案是扩大资金和支持，以便科学家和森林经理有更多的合作机会。
In breaking down her work into chunks, Dr. Krawchuk’s work becomes much easier to craft into a recommendation further on down the line. By iterating on her message box through successive drafts and consultation with policy and communications experts, Dr. Krawchuk distilled her message into an actionable policy recommendation, summarized below:
- The federal government should expand financial and institutional support for co-production of wildland fire science and science communication to help natural resource managers make evidence-based decisions in the context of the wildfire crisis.
- 具体来说，国会应：指导政府问责办公室解决机构一级的差距和能力需求，以最好地利用野生国家消防管理中的循证决策；并将资金分配给内政部和美国农业部的科学整合投资。
- Specifically, the DOI US Geological Survey and USDA US Forest Service should expand support for coprodution and science translation.
To read the full recommendation please visitFAS’ Wildland Fire Recommendations. Dr. Krawchuk’s recommendation is located under the “Science, Data, and Technology” heading.
专家建议发布后，很容易看出克劳楚克博士对联邦政府的个性化，具体的建议如何符合她的消息框的总体主题。消息框定义了她的问题的总体，而个性化的建议更为具体，清楚地关注目标受众的目标和实施：国会，USGS和USFS。
野火科学是复杂的，对环境和社会具有广泛的影响。在为科学家提供交流工作并吸引合适受众的工具时，指南针及其合作伙伴在Wildland火灾政策加速器中 - FAS，保护X Labs和CCST - 正在努力确保科学可以告知需要改变的政策为了帮助我们适应一个变化的星球。
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在一个环境中火灾季节是把to fire years, and summer skies across North America are filled with wildfire smoke from as far away as another coast, the need for scientifically accurate wildland fire policy has never been greater. Over the past several months, COMPASS Science Communication has been working in collaboration with […]
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