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I)15(n)0( what)]TJ T* -0.022 Tw [(seems like the dark ages, befor)12(e)]TJ T* -0.063 Tw (e-mail, genetic engineering, flip)Tj T* -0.034 Tw (phones, and dozens of other)Tj T* -0.063 Tw (technologies that have changed our)Tj T* -0.001 Tc [(liv)33(es, w)-39(e)0( w)40(e)0(r)-24(e)0( concerned that)]TJ T* 0 Tc -0.05 Tw (the rush of technological advance)Tj T* -0.005 Tc -0.062 Tw (would overwhelm our ability)Tj T* 0 Tc -0.059 Tw (to make rational political judgments.)Tj /F5 1 Tf 9 0 0 9 84 705.5 Tm 1.992 Tc (statement)Tj /F7 1 Tf 18 0 0 18 192 690.5 Tm -0.048 Tc -0.063 Tw [(of )42(T)86(AB member\321G)19(eorge E. Br)15(own, Jr)69(.)]TJ ET endstream endobj 49 0 obj <> endobj 50 0 obj <>/Font<>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text]>> endobj 51 0 obj <>stream BT /F9 1 Tf 10 0 0 10 192 596.5 Tm 0 Tr 0 g 0 Tc -0.053 Tw [(W)60(e)0( looked o)31(v)-18(er the v)21(arious congres-)]TJ 0 -1.6 TD -0.041 Tw (sional support agencies and)Tj T* -0.015 Tw (did not find the kind of scientific and)Tj T* -0.055 Tw [(technological exper)-26(tise needed to)]TJ T* -0.041 Tw [(address the challenge. So, we cr)37(eated)]TJ T* -0.054 Tw [(O)45(T)60(A, an agency that has ser)-32(v)32(e)0(d)]TJ T* -0.049 Tw [(Congr)-15(ess w)53(ell in the inter)-40(v)-18(ening y)38(ears.)]TJ 0 -1.9 TD -0.004 Tc -0.063 Tw [(I)34(n)0( r)-18(ecent months w)-9(e)0( hav)13(e hear)54(d many)]TJ 0 -1.6 TD 0 Tc 0.019 Tw [(criticisms of O)52(T)60(A, as those)]TJ T* -0.007 Tw [(intent upon issuing pr)7(ess r)17(eleases on)]TJ T* -0.063 Tw (the downsizing of government)Tj T* -0.005 Tw [(focused upon that agency)22(\325)85(s)0( elimina-)]TJ T* -0.008 Tw [(tion. S)6(ome said that O)16(T)60(A studies)]TJ T* -0.027 Tw [(took too long. B)18(ut the O)28(T)60(A was)]TJ T* -0.003 Tc -0.063 Tw [(established to pr)-19(o)33(vide compr)12(ehensiv)22(e,)]TJ T* -0.001 Tc -0.062 Tw (balanced analysis of complex)Tj T* 0 Tc -0.033 Tw [(questions. I)31(t)0( looked at the technology)56(,)]TJ T* -0.031 Tw (at its social and economic impacts,)Tj T* -0.003 Tc -0.063 Tw [(and then made a range of r)30(ecommenda-)]TJ T* 0 Tc -0.006 Tw [(tions for congr)34(essional action.)]TJ T* -0.023 Tw [(That process takes a long time. F)20(o)0(r)]TJ T* -0.011 Tw (those with short attention spans,)Tj T* -0.024 Tw (those who fear factual information)Tj T* -0.061 Tw [(because their minds ar)-8(e alr)18(eady)]TJ T* -0.051 Tw (made up, and those who never get past)Tj T* -0.001 Tc -0.063 Tw [(the ex)26(ecutive summar)-31(y of \322)36(shake)]TJ T* -0.003 Tc -0.062 Tw [(and bake)36(\323 boiler-plate policy r)22(evie)-30(ws,)]TJ T* 0 Tc -0.051 Tw [(O)45(T)60(A pr)11(obably takes too long.)]TJ T* -0.017 Tw [(F)38(or those of us who take our elective)]TJ 16.6 45.1 TD 0.037 Tw [(r)32(esponsibilities seriously)62(, car)23(eful)]TJ 0 -1.6 TD 0.012 Tw [(analysis is a necessity)107(.)]TJ 0 -1.9 TD -0.057 Tw (Some critics have maintained that)Tj 0 -1.6 TD -0.033 Tw [(other congr)-8(essional support)]TJ T* -0.062 Tw (agencies could accomplish the same)Tj T* -0.015 Tw (task. That was not the case in)Tj T* -0.01 Tw [(1972 and is ev)15(en less tr)-22(ue today)92(.)]TJ T* -0.016 Tw (None of the support agencies)Tj T* -0.044 Tw [(have the exper)-11(tise that O)23(T)60(A had on)]TJ T* -0.049 Tw (science and technology issues.)Tj T* -0.021 Tw (None of these agencies employ the use)Tj T* -0.018 Tw (of a balanced panel of outside)Tj T* -0.057 Tw [(exper)13(ts and stakeholders to r)-15(evie)-19(w)]TJ T* -0.052 Tw [(the issue under examination. N)7(one of)]TJ T* -0.047 Tw (these agencies have a bipartisan,)Tj T* -0.001 Tc -0.062 Tw [(bicameral go)38(v)-19(erning body to insure)]TJ T* -0.009 Tc -0.063 Tw (neutrality and independence. None)Tj T* 0 Tc -0.021 Tw (of these agencies have a science)Tj T* -0.047 Tw (advisory panel composed of world-class)Tj T* -0.002 Tc -0.062 Tw (science and technology leaders.)Tj T* 0 Tc -0.027 Tw [(Each of these agencies hav)6(e exper)-18(tise)]TJ T* -0.004 Tc -0.062 Tw [(and pr)-9(oduce competent studies,)]TJ T* -0.001 Tc -0.063 Tw [(but none can pr)12(oduce the high-quality)]TJ T* 0 Tc -0.033 Tw [(in-depth studies for which O)31(T)60(A has)]TJ T* -0.011 Tc -0.062 Tw (become internationally known.)Tj 0 -1.9 TD 0 Tc -0.031 Tw (And I disagree with those who say that)Tj 0 -1.6 TD -0.001 Tc -0.063 Tw [(the ex)27(ecutive branch, or the)]TJ T* 0 Tc -0.053 Tw (National Academy of Sciences, or)Tj T* -0.054 Tw (some department of science)Tj /F5 1 Tf 9 0 0 9 144 60.5 Tm 0.552 Tc [([page)-242(fifteen])]TJ ET endstream endobj 52 0 obj <> endobj 53 0 obj <>/Font<>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text]>> endobj 54 0 obj <>stream BT /F9 1 Tf 10 0 0 10 192 596.5 Tm 0 Tr 0 g 0 Tc -0.046 Tw [(could pro)36(vide this information. )63(These)]TJ 0 -1.6 TD [(ar)36(e not congr)10(essional agencies.)]TJ T* -0.041 Tw (They cannot tailor information to)Tj T* -0.014 Tw (the unique needs of the legislative)Tj T* -0.008 Tc -0.063 Tw (branch. 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Each of us o)-14(w)10(es a debt)]TJ /F5 1 Tf 9 0 0 9 144 60.5 Tm 0.552 Tc [([page)-242(sixteen])]TJ /F9 1 Tf 10 0 0 10 358 596.5 Tm 0 Tc -0.014 Tw (of gratitude to those people and each)Tj T* 0.011 Tw [(of us has a r)34(esponsibility to help)]TJ T* -0.052 Tw (them make the transition to another)Tj T* -0.011 Tw [(position. F)25(or those of my colleagues)]TJ T* -0.004 Tc -0.062 Tw [(who ar)11(e unawar)-11(e, these people)]TJ T* 0 Tc -0.056 Tw [(cannot use the Ramspeck pr)6(o)36(visions)]TJ T* -0.03 Tw (to move into civil service jobs. In)Tj T* -0.038 Tw (fact they do not even have active civil)Tj T* -0.042 Tw [(service status. )-23(W)110(e)0( have tr)-7(eated)]TJ T* -0.046 Tw (these people poorly and they deserve)Tj T* -0.011 Tc -0.063 Tw [(much better)66(.)]TJ 0 -1.9 TD 0 Tc (Let me conclude with an observation)Tj 0 -1.6 TD -0.001 Tc [(made b)27(y)0( a former O)10(T)59(A emplo)26(y)-13(e)0(e)]TJ T* 0 Tc 0 Tw [(who stated O)52(T)60(A)73(\325)85(s task as being to)]TJ T* 0.013 Tw [(cr)32(eate for Congr)-28(ess a \322)76(defense against)]TJ T* -0.026 Tw (the dumb.\323 It is shameful that in)Tj T* -0.021 Tw [(the end, O)52(T)60(A was defenseless against a)]TJ T* -0.003 Tc -0.063 Tw [(v)29(e)0(r)-28(y)0( dumb decision b)9(y)0( Congr)-11(ess.)]TJ ET endstream endobj 55 0 obj <> endobj 56 0 obj <>/Font<>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text]>> endobj 57 0 obj <>stream BT /F5 1 Tf 9 0 0 9 84 705.5 Tm 0 Tr 0 g 1.992 Tc (statement)Tj /F7 1 Tf 18 0 0 18 192 690.5 Tm -0.045 Tc -0.062 Tw [(of the )57(T)61(A)0(A)19(C)0( chair)-20(man\321J)41(ames C. H)22(unt)]TJ /F9 1 Tf 10 0 0 10 300 596.5 Tm 0 Tc -0.039 Tw [(As a member of the )47(T)110(echnology Assessment)]TJ -10.8 -1.6 TD -0.01 Tw (Advisory Council for the past eight years and as Chair of the Council this last)Tj T* -0.052 Tw [(y)-12(ear)82(, I had the oppor)-6(tunity to learn about and r)12(evie)-19(w each of O)40(T)60(A's)]TJ T* -0.054 Tw [(r)32(esearch and assessment pr)-14(ograms. I)12(n)0( addition, I serv)-18(ed on O)53(T)60(A's pr)16(oject)]TJ T* -0.051 Tw [(A)23(dvisor)-11(y P)36(anels, chairing one of them, and wor)-20(ked with O)69(T)60(A staff on)]TJ T* -0.048 Tw [(two r)-13(epor)21(ts.)]TJ 0 -1.9 TD -0.002 Tc -0.063 Tw [(T)108(o)0( me, O)24(T)58(A's w)18(ell-hidden, most v)41(aluable r)10(esour)-12(ce was the div)30(erse, experienced)]TJ 0 -1.6 TD 0 Tc -0.039 Tw [(and motiv)18(ated pr)16(ofessional staff who had an amazing capacity)54(, despite)]TJ T* -0.027 Tw [(limited r)15(esources, to attract the best minds, exper)-29(t in any giv)11(en field, and)]TJ T* -0.026 Tw [(to gain their enthusiastic participation in dev)24(eloping, for the Congress,)]TJ T* -0.017 Tw [(r)32(epor)-29(ts that ar)15(e br)11(oadly desir)-16(ed b)38(y)0( a multitude of other agencies, institutions,)]TJ T* -0.011 Tc -0.063 Tw (and individuals.)Tj 0 -1.9 TD 0 Tc [(I)-12(ndeed, the br)7(oadly based r)20(elationship among O)38(T)60(A leadership and pr)44(ofessional)]TJ 0 -1.6 TD -0.039 Tw [(staff)14(, industr)-24(y and academic institutions and their people impr)12(essed on)]TJ T* -0.057 Tw [(me the quality v)23(alue that O)22(T)60(A's information and analysis pro)36(vided)]TJ T* -0.063 Tw [(the Congr)-13(ess. B)32(y)0( working side-by-side with A)25(dvisor)-13(y P)74(anel M)19(embers, I gr)-30(ew)]TJ T* -0.043 Tw [(to r)32(espect and appr)-18(eciate the exper)6(tise and commitment of the O)35(T)60(A)]TJ T* -0.063 Tw (staff and their dedication to nonpartisan, accurate and evenhanded study and)Tj T* -0.03 Tw (analysis. My fellow members of the Council and I did all that we could to)Tj T* -0.017 Tw [(make the case for O)47(T)60(A during the 1995 debate. I)-11(t)0( was gratifying to)]TJ T* -0.026 Tw [(see that those v)28(e)0(r)-22(y)0( people most familiar with O)11(T)60(A's contributions not only)]TJ T* -0.027 Tw [(r)32(ecogniz)-13(ed the impor)-12(tance of O)49(T)60(A, but also allocated time fr)-14(om)]TJ T* -0.056 Tw [(v)-18(e)0(r)28(y)0( busy schedules to make the case for O)-10(T)60(A's needed continued existence.)]TJ T* -0.014 Tw [(I share the sense of loss and r)21(egr)24(et in the outcome. )22(The Congr)42(ess and)]TJ T* -0.04 Tw [(the public will miss an impar)7(tial, omnipr)19(esent arbiter of technology applications.)]TJ 0 -1.9 TD -0.037 Tw [(M)12(y)0( eight y)23(ear association with the people of O)50(T)60(A pr)-25(o)36(vided a wonder)-9(fully)]TJ 0 -1.6 TD -0.05 Tw [(instr)-6(uctiv)8(e, enjo)6(yable life experience\321an experience that means a lot to me,)]TJ /F5 1 Tf 9 0 0 9 144 60.5 Tm 0.387 Tc [([page)-231(seventeen])]TJ ET endstream endobj 58 0 obj <> endobj 59 0 obj <>/Font<>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text]>> endobj 60 0 obj <>stream BT /F9 1 Tf 10 0 0 10 192 596.5 Tm 0 Tr 0 g 0 Tc -0.018 Tw [(one that I will always tr)12(easur)17(e. 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scientific societies.)]TJ T* -0.036 Tw [(P)49(a)0(r)-14(ticularly gratifying and appr)26(eciated was written support fr)-7(om the National)]TJ T* -0.063 Tw (Academy of Sciences, National Academy of Engineering and Institute)Tj T* -0.018 Tw [(of M)20(edicine, since these institutions b)-10(y)0( their quality)120(, scope of wor)11(k and expertise)]TJ T* -0.036 Tw [(have been scientific colleagues to O)42(T)60(A and now should be the natural)]TJ T* -0.004 Tw [(places for Congr)12(ess to turn for help in filling the analysis and information)]TJ T* -0.037 Tw [(gaps left by O)46(T)60(A's abolishment.)]TJ 8 0 0 8 192 299.5 Tm ([)Tj /F11 1 Tf 5.4 0 0 5.4 194.5 299.5 Tm (s)Tj /F9 1 Tf 8 0 0 8 199.5 299.5 Tm (])Tj 10 0 0 10 202 299.5 Tm 0 Tw [(O)45(T)60(A)73(\325)85(s Board held pr)15(ess confer)21(ences, testified at hearings, spoke on the floor)]TJ -1 -1.6 TD -0.057 Tw [(of the H)37(ouse and S)-19(enate and in confer)7(ence, intr)31(oduced amendments to)]TJ T* -0.033 Tw [(fund O)48(T)60(A in both houses of Congr)16(ess and voted for O)36(T)60(A at ever)-22(y oppor)-27(tunity)96(.)]TJ 8 0 0 8 192 248.5 Tm ([)Tj /F11 1 Tf 5.4 0 0 5.4 194.5 248.5 Tm (s)Tj /F9 1 Tf 8 0 0 8 199.5 248.5 Tm (])Tj 10 0 0 10 202 248.5 Tm -0.04 Tw [(A final decision on O)46(T)60(A funding was not r)15(eached until confer)17(ence committee,)]TJ -1 -1.6 TD -0.033 Tw [(at which point it was decided to giv)17(e O)8(T)60(A a closeout budget which)]TJ T* -0.016 Tw [(allo)34(w)-40(ed for 60 calendar days sev)27(erance to staff and a small team to ensur)10(e an)]TJ T* -0.042 Tw [(or)18(derly closeout of the agency and pr)6(oper conser)-9(v)-18(ation and dissemination of O)26(T)110(A)]TJ T* -0.028 Tw (work and other assets.)Tj ET endstream endobj 64 0 obj <> endobj 65 0 obj <>/Font<>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text]>> endobj 66 0 obj <>stream BT /F5 1 Tf 9 0 0 9 144 60.5 Tm 0 Tr 0 g 0.656 Tc [([page)-219(twenty])]TJ /F9 1 Tf 8 0 0 8 192 596.5 Tm ([)Tj /F11 1 Tf 5.4 0 0 5.4 194.5 596.5 Tm (s)Tj /F9 1 Tf 8 0 0 8 199.5 596.5 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O)24(T)56(A)119(\325)81(s ar)-18(chiv)39(al CD-ROMs ar)31(e available fr)28(om the)]TJ T* -0.002 Tc [(Go)34(v)-20(ernment P)38(rinting O)15(ffice.)]TJ ET endstream endobj 67 0 obj <> endobj 68 0 obj <>/Font<>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text]>> endobj 69 0 obj <>stream BT /F9 1 Tf 10 0 0 10 192 596.5 Tm 0 Tr 0 g 0 Tc 0.01 Tw [(O)45(T)60(A)73(\325)85(s FY 1995 productivity was at r)14(ecor)14(d heights as staff met their responsibility)]TJ 0 -1.6 TD -0.015 Tw [(to complete millions of dollars of wor)-13(k in pr)23(ogr)14(ess and pr)-11(o)36(vided almost)]TJ T* -0.057 Tw [(without ex)15(ception a repor)21(t on ev)-18(er)-22(y pending congr)28(essional r)-14(equest\321some b)16(y)]TJ T* -0.034 Tw [(the r)16(egular pr)-8(ocess, sixteen that wer)28(e)0( distributed on return fr)10(om the G)20(o)-14(v)32(ernment)]TJ T* 0.004 Tw [(P)49(rinting Office after the close of FY 1995, and some b)-14(y)0( in-house desktop)]TJ T* -0.001 Tc -0.063 Tw (publishing or photo duplication.)Tj 0 -1.9 TD 0 Tc -0.022 Tw (This final body of work covering the spectrum of science and technology issues)Tj 0 -1.6 TD -0.045 Tw [(coming befor)10(e Congr)-14(ess and the American people completes the legacy of O)73(T)60(A\321)]TJ T* -0.001 Tc -0.062 Tw (a legacy of quality and commitment.)Tj 0 -1.9 TD 0 Tc -0.04 Tw [(\322O)49(T)60(A)0( soon will be a memor)-8(y)38(,)0( and w)18(e)0( will disco)52(v)-18(er what is lost. 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Considerable debate)]TJ T* -0.025 Tw [(follo)6(w)10(ed in both houses of the Congr)31(ess, beginning with a joint hearing)]TJ T* -0.062 Tw [(betw)13(een the H)18(ouse and S)21(enate Legislativ)-12(e B)-11(ranch A)37(ppropriations S)11(ubcommittees.)]TJ T* -0.022 Tw [(The S)38(ubcommittees discussed alternativ)-22(e pr)13(oposals for trimming the $1.3)]TJ T* -0.039 Tw (billion legislative branch budgets.)Tj 0 -1.9 TD -0.025 Tw [(Although O)21(T)60(A r)30(epr)-15(esented less than 1 per)27(cent of the legislativ)13(e branch budget)]TJ 0 -1.6 TD 0.009 Tw (\(1/20th the size of the General Accounting Office alone\), early in the)Tj T* -0.017 Tw [(104th Congr)-10(ess O)70(T)60(A became a symbol of the Congr)18(essional Leadership)36(\325)85(s)0( ability)]TJ T* -0.026 Tw [(to reduce the siz)37(e of gov)-18(ernment\321a function, an agency)85(, and its associated)]TJ T* -0.041 Tw (cost within the legislative branch of government. This became the)Tj T* -0.039 Tw [(principal argument behind the H)15(ouse and S)16(enate Leadership)31(\325)85(s)0( decision to debate)]TJ T* -0.022 Tw [(the future of O)22(T)60(A in the appr)6(opriations pr)51(ocess rather than through the)]TJ T* -0.012 Tw [(agency)9(\325)85(s)0( authorizing and o)29(v)32(ersight committees, the S)-7(enate R)11(ules and House)]TJ T* -0.029 Tw (Science Committees. In the House, most questions put to the leadership)Tj T* -0.059 Tw [(r)32(egar)-22(ding O)23(T)60(A)123(\325)85(s fate w)12(e)0(r)-22(e)0( r)19(eferred to R)25(epr)35(esentative Bob )19(W)60(alker)61(, Chairman of)]TJ T* -0.039 Tw [(the H)35(ouse Science Committee and close colleague of S)18(peaker G)25(ingrich.)]TJ T* -0.001 Tc -0.062 Tw [(Chairman W)109(alker)58(, nonetheless, was silent in all open Committee and floor)]TJ T* 0 Tc -0.023 Tw [(debates r)-6(egar)28(ding O)9(T)110(A)73(\325)85(s fate although he occasionally made statements to the)]TJ T* [(pr)-11(ess praising the quality of O)31(T)110(A)73(\325)85(s wor)-22(k but expr)23(essing concern about)]TJ T* -0.059 Tw [(synchr)-17(onization of O)76(T)60(A)73(\325)85(s wor)-8(k pr)12(oducts with the \322Congressional rhythm.\323)]TJ T* -0.053 Tw [(I)-12(n)0( the S)27(enate, only S)8(enator M)9(ack seemed openly intent on eliminating O)58(T)60(A with)]TJ T* -0.027 Tw [(vir)-29(tually all others pr)21(ofessing an open mind on the subject.)]TJ /F5 1 Tf 9 0 0 9 144 60.5 Tm 0.305 Tc [([page)-254(twenty)-239(five])]TJ ET endstream endobj 82 0 obj <> endobj 83 0 obj <>/Font<>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text]>> endobj 84 0 obj <>stream BT /F9 1 Tf 10 0 0 10 192 596.5 Tm 0 Tr 0 g 0 Tc -0.04 Tw [(W)10(ith pr)28(oposed elimination on the table, O)32(T)60(A)73(\325)85(s supporters in Congress, led b)14(y)]TJ 0 -1.6 TD -0.058 Tw [(the members of the )51(T)110(echnology Assessment Boar)26(d and many others,)]TJ T* -0.013 Tw [(argued the case for O)42(T)60(A)73(\325)85(s unique contributions to the legislative pr)22(ocess,)]TJ T* -0.063 Tw [(including its nonpar)11(tisan o)-13(v)32(ersight and management, its outreach-oriented)]TJ T* -0.021 Tw [(r)32(esearch pr)-17(ocess \(r)9(eaching o)8(v)32(er 5,000 distinguished exper)-35(ts annually\),)]TJ T* 0 Tw [(the exceptional quality of its staff and the wor)54(k they pr)-22(oduced \(o)18(v)32(er half of)]TJ T* -0.025 Tw [(O)45(T)60(A)73(\325)85(s pr)-13(ofessional staff held P)41(hDs spanning the science and technology-related)]TJ T* -0.037 Tw (disciplines\321unique in the legislative branch\), and the importance of)Tj T* -0.02 Tw [(the function in today)36(\325)85(s)0( incr)17(easingly technology dependent world \(O)22(T)60(A)73(\325)85(s)]TJ T* -0.05 Tw [(str)12(uctur)13(e is being emulated in go)22(v)-18(ernments ar)27(ound the world\), especially when)]TJ T* -0.06 Tw [(fe)-14(w in Congr)7(ess come fr)13(om science and technology backgr)29(ounds. )45(The)]TJ T* -0.032 Tw [(science and technology community also r)14(egister)7(ed its support for O)47(T)60(A with)]TJ T* -0.018 Tw [(str)12(ong letters of endorsement fr)24(om the N)-11(ational A)35(cademy of Sciences,)]TJ T* -0.001 Tc -0.063 Tw (The National Academy of Engineering, the Institute of Medicine, The American)Tj T* 0 Tc -0.019 Tw (Association for the Advancement of Science, the Institute of Electrical)Tj T* -0.041 Tw [(and E)31(lectr)-18(onics E)34(ngineers, the American P)-31(hysical S)32(ociety)84(, the F)25(ederation of)]TJ T* -0.002 Tc -0.062 Tw [(American Scientists, and many others fr)8(om academia, industr)-7(y)86(,)0( and o)-12(v)30(erseas.)]TJ 0 -2.2 TD 0 Tc 0.01 Tw [([HOUSE DEBA)92(TE])]TJ 0 -1.9 TD -0.025 Tw [(The formal pr)6(ocess for elimination began in the H)12(ouse Legislativ)14(e A)-6(ppr)46(opriations)]TJ 0 -1.6 TD -0.024 Tw (Subcommittee. In their testimony the heads of the Legislative support)Tj T* -0.048 Tw [(agencies as w)-11(ell as M)34(embers of )64(T)60(AB, including R)6(eps. H)34(oughton, Oxley)87(,)]TJ T* -0.05 Tw [(Br)32(o)-14(wn, D)15(ingell, and M)18(c)0(D)30(ermott sharply distinguished the r)16(oles of)]TJ T* -0.004 Tc -0.063 Tw [(these agencies. Chairman P)57(ackard, ho)27(w)6(e)0(v)20(e)0(r)20(,)0( deliver)20(ed an appr)17(opriations bill)]TJ T* 0 Tc -0.052 Tw [(eliminating funding for O)19(T)60(A arguing that the information pr)31(o)36(vided by)]TJ T* -0.059 Tw [(O)45(T)60(A can be acquir)24(ed else)-42(where. )87(This position did not prev)-22(ail; Mr)93(. Houghton,)]TJ T* -0.001 Tc -0.063 Tw [(Chair-designee of )47(T)59(AB, and Mr)71(. F)72(azio, ranking minority member of the)]TJ T* 0 Tc [(Legislativ)19(e B)-12(ranch subcommittee, and a long time O)34(T)60(A suppor)25(ter)34(, fashioned)]TJ T* -0.025 Tw [(a floor amendment \(actually two differ)10(ent v)35(ersions with Mr)24(. F)63(azio)]TJ T* -0.017 Tw [(subsequently deferring to Mr)44(. H)39(oughton)77(\325)85(s)0( v)-12(ersion\) designed to pr)30(eser)-53(v)32(e)]TJ /F5 1 Tf 9 0 0 9 144 60.5 Tm 0.369 Tc [([page)-265(twenty)-240(six])]TJ ET endstream endobj 85 0 obj <> endobj 86 0 obj <>/Font<>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text]>> endobj 87 0 obj <>stream BT /F9 1 Tf 10 0 0 10 192 596.5 Tm 0 Tr 0 g 0 Tc -0.028 Tw [(the function of O)7(T)110(A and making it a par)-18(t of the Library of Congr)-7(ess. H)20(o)-14(w)10(e)0(v)28(e)0(r)78(,)]TJ 0 -1.6 TD -0.054 Tw [(the H)20(ouse R)8(ules Committee would only allo)26(w floor debate on amendments)]TJ T* -0.002 Tc -0.063 Tw [(that w)17(e)0(r)-26(e)0( r)9(e)0(v)24(enue-neutral compar)34(ed with the Committee-passed bill,)]TJ T* 0 Tc -0.024 Tw (though that bill was below the legislative branch allocation included in the draft)Tj T* -0.036 Tw [(H)6(ouse budget resolution. As a r)12(esult, Mr)93(. F)52(azio and Mr)34(. H)20(oughton chose, as)]TJ T* -0.043 Tw [(a placeholder)50(, to propose r)37(educing the Librar)-45(y of Congr)13(ess appr)49(opriation b)-32(y)0( sev)46(eral)]TJ T* -0.034 Tw [(per)-15(cent to pr)43(o)-14(vide for O)30(T)60(A since that line item was the only amount incr)13(eased)]TJ T* -0.037 Tw [(o)36(v)-18(er the pr)10(evious y)7(ear in the Committee-passed bill, v)29(o)-14(wing to r)38(estor)-6(e the amount)]TJ T* -0.052 Tw [(r)32(educed in the H)-29(ouse-S)26(enate Conference on the bill. A)10(ppar)50(ently)63(, the L)16(O)0(C)]TJ T* -0.028 Tw [(fear)22(ed the restoration of the r)14(eduction might not be deliver)28(ed in the conference)]TJ T* -0.027 Tw [(since the Librarian of Congr)-12(ess began to counsel members against the H)20(oughton-)]TJ T* -0.013 Tc -0.062 Tw [(F)25(azio amendment.)]TJ 0 -1.9 TD 0 Tc -0.039 Tw [(The floor debate on this amendment was heavily in fav)6(or of O)11(T)110(A with only)]TJ 0 -1.6 TD -0.008 Tc -0.063 Tw [(Chairman P)24(ackar)31(d arguing against the amendment. )64(The amendment)]TJ T* 0 Tc -0.04 Tw [(pr)-11(ev)28(ailed b)23(y)0( a wide margin. F)-8(loor statements in support of the agency came fr)17(om)]TJ T* [(both sides of the aisle including R)20(epr)-15(esentativ)47(es )-21(W)110(eldon, Boehler)-50(t,)]TJ T* -0.006 Tc -0.062 Tw [(Hy)32(de, H)19(oughton, Clinger)69(, )26(W)54(alsh, M)47(o)0(r)6(ella, F)28(azio, B)25(r)26(o)-20(wn, D)23(ingell, K)27(ennedy)54(, Engel,)]TJ T* -0.005 Tc [(M)7(oran, and S)45(kaggs.)]TJ 0 -2.2 TD 0 Tc -0.021 Tw [(EX)27(CERPT)-16(S FR)51(OM ST)85(A)73(TEMENT)-17(S OF SUPPOR)52(TERS ON A PR)59(OPOSED)]TJ 0 -1.6 TD -0.044 Tw [(AMENDMENT )27(T)60(O)0( REST)29(ORE FUNDING )51(T)10(O)0( O)46(T)60(A DURING )24(THE HOUSE)]TJ T* -0.011 Tc -0.063 Tw [(FL)19(OOR DEBA)74(TES INCLUDED:)]TJ 0 -2.2 TD ([)Tj /F7 1 Tf 0.3 0 TD -0.043 Tc -0.062 Tw (Representative Brown)Tj /F9 1 Tf 7 0 TD (])Tj -7.3 -1.9 TD 0 Tc -0.043 Tw [(A)23(t)0( a time when budget cuts are a priority)80(, some hav)7(e questioned whether Congr)31(ess)]TJ 0 -1.6 TD -0.015 Tw (needs a support agency whose primary mission is to assess technology and its)Tj T* -0.031 Tw [(implications for society)110(. I hope y)-13(ou will answ)9(er that question with an emphatic y)6(e)0(s)]TJ T* -0.063 Tw [(because I believ)22(e today w)-25(e)0( need O)42(T)60(A mor)15(e than ever befor)19(e. I hav)10(e been involv)15(ed)]TJ T* -0.001 Tc [(with O)15(T)59(A fr)28(om the v)-11(e)0(r)-24(y)0( beginning and hav)45(e watched its development from my)]TJ T* 0 Tc -0.04 Tw [(v)-18(antage point on the O)29(T)110(A Boar)10(d since 1975. Congr)-24(ess established O)34(T)60(A because)]TJ T* -0.043 Tw [(there was a gr)37(eat need to have our o)27(wn independent and objectiv)-22(e sour)6(ce of)]TJ /F5 1 Tf 9 0 0 9 144 60.5 Tm 0.248 Tc [([page)-260(twenty)-245(seven])]TJ ET endstream endobj 88 0 obj <> endobj 89 0 obj <>/Font<>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text]>> endobj 90 0 obj <>stream BT /F9 1 Tf 10 0 0 10 192 596.5 Tm 0 Tr 0 g 0 Tc -0.059 Tw (information on complicated scientific and technological issues. I am convinced)Tj 0 -1.6 TD -0.029 Tw [(that this need is str)-13(onger than ev)6(er because science and technology)]TJ T* -0.039 Tw [(permeate so many of the issues that w)35(e)0( consider)35(, such as space, energy)84(, environ-)]TJ T* -0.001 Tc -0.063 Tw [(ment, and health. )28(When O)22(T)59(A was cr)8(eated, no one kne)26(w exactly how it was)]TJ T* 0 Tc -0.04 Tw [(going to work. )42(There w)16(e)0(r)28(e)0( times during the early y)22(ears when w)-18(e)0( w)16(e)0(r)-22(e)0( not)]TJ T* -0.029 Tw [(quite sur)7(e it would wor)16(k at all. I think fe)8(w of us would hav)-28(e pr)6(edicted what a)]TJ T* -0.021 Tw [(vital r)8(ole O)53(T)60(A would play in the legislativ)-6(e pr)14(ocesses o)12(v)-18(er the y)42(ears, and)]TJ T* -0.038 Tw [(how valuable its work would be to so many differ)45(ent committees and to M)16(embers)]TJ T* 0.013 Tw [(fr)22(om both sides of the aisle.)]TJ 0 -2.2 TD ([)Tj /F7 1 Tf 0.25 0 TD -0.047 Tc -0.062 Tw (Representative Houghton)Tj /F9 1 Tf 8.05 0 TD (])Tj -8.3 -1.9 TD 0 Tc -0.027 Tw [(W)60(e)0( should not go blind into the 21st century thinking about a whole v)14(ariety of)]TJ 0 -1.6 TD -0.024 Tw [(things, not understanding science. )63(There ar)8(e only 3 scientists in this body)86(.)]TJ T* -0.023 Tw [(M)12(ost people do not consider the scientific implications her)42(e. )23(They ar)22(e)]TJ T* -0.06 Tw [(critically important. I hav)12(e been inv)7(olv)15(ed as a businessman, befor)-25(e I came her)34(e,)]TJ T* -0.008 Tw [(in cutting, cutting, cutting all my life. )52(That is the natur)-9(e of what business)]TJ T* -0.018 Tw [(does. N)29(e)0(v)28(er once did w)-33(e)0( cut the r)12(esear)51(ch, because it not only affects the)]TJ T* 0.006 Tw [(cost but par)-10(ticularly it affects the r)42(e)0(v)-22(enues. If w)6(e)0( ar)38(e going to go into this)]TJ T* -0.058 Tw [(next centur)-26(y and our major war will be economic rather than military)88(,)0( we must)]TJ T* -0.045 Tw [(kno)-7(w what our legislativ)7(e body can do and what other people ar)29(e going)]TJ T* -0.018 Tw [(to do in the world ar)18(ound us. )31(Therefore, I plead either to suppor)20(t the F)27(azio)]TJ T* -0.003 Tc -0.062 Tw [(amendment or my par)-18(ticular amendment in terms of pr)37(eser)-14(ving an)]TJ T* 0 Tc -0.036 Tw [(element of scientific understanding without which I think we ar)46(e going to be)]TJ T* -0.028 Tw [(in terrible tr)32(ouble.)]TJ 0 -2.2 TD ([)Tj /F7 1 Tf 0.3 0 TD -0.042 Tc -0.062 Tw [(R)32(epr)9(esentativ)44(e F)-9(azio)]TJ /F9 1 Tf 6.55 0 TD (])Tj -6.85 -1.9 TD 0 Tc 0.002 Tw [(I think is impor)-21(tant to r)22(estor)-6(e the O)13(ffice of )63(T)110(echnology Assessment to that)]TJ 0 -1.6 TD -0.005 Tw [(gr)28(oup of agencies that hav)-7(e sho)15(wn an outstanding ability to assist this)]TJ T* -0.018 Tw [(Congr)35(ess in its wor)-15(kload. )60(There is no question in my mind that this is an)]TJ T* -0.021 Tw [(organization that, if eliminated, would be seriously missed b)19(y)0( this)]TJ T* -0.03 Tw [(institution and I think by the people who elect us and send us to W)110(ashington)]TJ /F5 1 Tf 9 0 0 9 144 60.5 Tm 0.248 Tc [([page)-260(twenty)-245(eight])]TJ ET endstream endobj 91 0 obj <> endobj 92 0 obj <>/Font<>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text]>> endobj 93 0 obj <>stream BT /F9 1 Tf 10 0 0 10 192 596.5 Tm 0 Tr 0 g 0 Tc -0.05 Tw [(to ser)-6(v)-18(e)0( ev)24(er)-22(y 2 y)26(ears. Mr)49(. Chairman, this is a v)-11(e)0(r)-22(y)0( complex world w)38(e)0( ar)-18(e)]TJ 0 -1.6 TD -0.032 Tw [(par)-7(t of. M)30(any of us ar)18(e trained in the social sciences and humanities. )27(W)60(e)0( are not)]TJ T* -0.012 Tw [(physicists, chemists. )34(There ar)20(e v)16(e)0(r)-22(y)0( fe)12(w of us that hav)7(e scientific degr)17(ees.)]TJ T* -0.021 Tw [(Y)74(et w)42(e)0( as a Congress, in almost ev)-6(er)-22(y committee of jurisdiction, ar)9(e assigned a)]TJ T* -0.034 Tw [(r)32(esponsibility of v)-37(e)0(r)-22(y)0( fr)26(equently)118(, par)-41(ticularly in the appr)42(opriations pr)-11(ocess,)]TJ T* -0.06 Tw [(making fundamental judgments about questions r)32(elating to science and)]TJ T* -0.031 Tw (technology that are beyond our ability to understand without the assistance)Tj T* -0.041 Tw [(of people who ar)-11(e exper)18(t. )16(What have w)15(e)0( done? I)-11(nstead of going out and)]TJ T* -0.035 Tw [(hiring a gr)-6(oup of people who ar)28(e standing b)22(y)0( to advise us, w)8(e)0( hav)-38(e cr)43(eated)]TJ T* -0.007 Tw [(a small entity with a cor)17(e staff that works with thousands of people, from the)]TJ T* -0.051 Tw [(academic world, fr)11(om the priv)17(ate sector)50(, fr)21(om national laboratories, fr)-29(om)]TJ T* -0.035 Tw [(any number of places wher)-14(e scientists ar)30(e emplo)34(y)-12(ed in this country)88(,)0( to help)]TJ T* -0.024 Tw [(us solve the problems that come to us on a regular basis. )46(W)60(e)0( hav)23(e had)]TJ T* -0.018 Tw [(this agency)93(, which has a $22 million budget, pay for itself hundr)10(eds of times)]TJ T* -0.021 Tw [(o)36(v)-18(er b)7(y)0( giving this Congr)26(ess the kind of advice it needs to pr)-13(ev)28(ent)]TJ T* -0.002 Tc -0.062 Tw [(mistakes fr)21(om being made. S)19(ome ar)-17(e, anyway)88(. )34(W)58(e)0( hav)26(e not always used O)-6(T)108(A)]TJ T* 0 Tc -0.026 Tw [(to the extent we should. B)-10(ut my suggestion is, rather than eliminate it,)]TJ T* -0.007 Tw [(let\325)85(s let the ne)-8(w majority)117(, if they ar)-31(e so inclined, to change it, to r)43(eform)]TJ T* -0.026 Tw [(it, to mold it, to make it more useful. I think this meat ax appr)47(oach should)]TJ T* -0.003 Tc -0.062 Tw (be rejected.)Tj 0 -2.2 TD ([)Tj /F7 1 Tf 0.3 0 TD -0.042 Tc -0.112 Tw [(R)32(epr)8(esentativ)39(e W)86(eldon)]TJ /F9 1 Tf 7.15 0 TD (])Tj -7.45 -1.9 TD 0 Tc -0.038 Tw [(Mr)44(. Chairman, I want to speak to one issue during the brief time that I hav)37(e here)]TJ 0 -1.6 TD -0.002 Tw [(today)94(, and that is the issue of the elimination of the O)-15(ffice of )55(T)110(echnology)]TJ T* -0.035 Tw (Assessment. As a senior member of the Committee on Science and as)Tj T* -0.056 Tw [(chairman of the S)39(ubcommittee on Military R)-23(esearch and D)21(e)0(v)28(elopment of the)]TJ T* -0.031 Tw [(Committee on N)51(ational S)-12(ecurity)92(, it is extr)18(emely important that w)-26(e)0( not)]TJ T* -0.041 Tw [(take this shor)15(t-sighted appr)-11(oach to eliminate what amounts to appro)-14(ximately a)]TJ T* -0.026 Tw [($22 million item in our legislative branch appr)20(opriations bill. )33(The)]TJ T* 0.003 Tw [(Office of )65(T)110(echnology Assessment touches the acts of this Congr)-9(ess in ways)]TJ /F5 1 Tf 9 0 0 9 144 60.5 Tm 0.305 Tc [([page)-254(twenty)-239(nine])]TJ ET endstream endobj 94 0 obj <> endobj 95 0 obj <>/Font<>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text]>> endobj 96 0 obj <>stream BT /F9 1 Tf 10 0 0 10 192 596.5 Tm 0 Tr 0 g 0 Tc -0.023 Tw [(that none of us r)15(eally are awar)23(e of or understand. I)27(n)0( the ar)-17(ea of defense,)]TJ 0 -1.6 TD -0.022 Tw [(the subcommittee that I chair o)31(v)-18(ersees appr)44(o)-14(ximately $35 billion of)]TJ T* -0.042 Tw [(expenditur)23(es. )27(That is mor)37(e than fiv)-8(e Cabinet-lev)-16(el agencies. M)68(uch of the)]TJ T* [(r)32(esearch that w)-26(e)0( do is dependent upon the long-term wor)20(k that has been done)]TJ T* -0.027 Tw [(by the Office of )55(T)110(echnology Assessment. J)56(ust last w)29(eek w)7(e)0( mar)-8(ked up)]TJ T* -0.014 Tw (the 1996 authorization bill for the military and we plussed up the national)Tj T* (missile defense accounts and theater missile defense accounts by $800)Tj T* -0.045 Tw [(million. M)23(uch of the documentation and the arguments to justify)]TJ T* -0.021 Tw [(that plus-up came fr)6(om r)34(epor)-29(ts and studies done b)26(y)0( the O)9(ffice of )17(T)110(echnology)]TJ T* -0.024 Tw [(Assessment; their study on missile pr)-9(oliferation ar)49(ound the world, their)]TJ T* -0.043 Tw [(wor)28(k on the dev)-31(elopment of arms and the need for arms contr)15(ol and)]TJ T* -0.028 Tw (the needs of defending the American people. All of that factual investigative)Tj T* -0.029 Tw [(wor)28(k that took in some cases months and y)-19(ears was done b)20(y)0( OT)110(A. I)-18(t)]TJ T* [(would be extr)19(emely shor)-9(t-sighted for us to eliminate this agency)80(. And, in fact,)]TJ T* -0.028 Tw [(w)10(e)0( and the taxpay)11(ers would be the losers in the end. And ther)23(e is no other)]TJ T* -0.053 Tw (agency that can do that work.)Tj 0 -2.2 TD ([)Tj /F7 1 Tf 0.3 0 TD -0.041 Tc -0.063 Tw (Representative Dingell)Tj /F9 1 Tf 7.2 0 TD (])Tj -7.5 -1.9 TD 0 Tc -0.008 Tw [([I]n a time when w)27(e)0( ar)-26(e talking about risk assessment and cost-benefit analysis,)]TJ 0 -1.6 TD -0.006 Tw [(getting the Congr)25(ess the best possible information w)12(e)0( can get is a v)11(e)0(r)-22(y)]TJ T* -0.057 Tw [(impor)19(tant under)-40(taking. And having O)30(T)60(A to pr)40(o)-14(vide that kind of assistance)]TJ T* -0.017 Tw [(to the Congr)12(ess is absolutely indispensable. O)28(T)60(A, because of the fine technical)]TJ T* -0.049 Tw [(wor)28(k and because of the car)-12(eful r)28(esearch which it has done on advanced)]TJ T* -0.001 Tc -0.063 Tw (questions involving technology and advanced information systems, has saved)Tj T* 0 Tc 0.009 Tw [(the Congr)12(ess literally hundr)28(eds of millions of dollars o)-13(v)32(er the time of its)]TJ T* -0.03 Tw [(existence. )52(T)110(o)0( cut it back at a time when other nations ar)9(e beginning to)]TJ T* -0.02 Tw [(r)32(ecogniz)-13(e the impor)-8(tance of this kind of advice to a legislativ)8(e body would)]TJ T* -0.046 Tw [(be a gr)37(eat shame, and would indeed cost us v)-11(astly mor)28(e than any piddling)]TJ T* -0.049 Tw [(savings that could be made b)-8(y)0( eliminating that agency)90(. I would urge)]TJ T* 0.007 Tw [(my colleagues to r)28(ecogniz)-13(e this is a cost-benefit, efficient, and desirable step)]TJ T* -0.044 Tw [(in continuing the existence of O)25(T)60(A.)]TJ /F5 1 Tf 9 0 0 9 144 60.5 Tm 0.656 Tc [([page)-219(thirty])]TJ ET endstream endobj 97 0 obj <> endobj 98 0 obj <>/Font<>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text]>> endobj 99 0 obj <>stream BT /F9 1 Tf 10 0 0 10 192 596.5 Tm 0 Tr 0 g ([)Tj /F7 1 Tf 0.3 0 TD -0.045 Tc -0.062 Tw (Representative Boehlert)Tj /F9 1 Tf 7.4 0 TD (])Tj -7.7 -1.9 TD 0 Tc -0.013 Tw [(I rise in strong suppor)11(t of this amendment to pr)-10(eserv)-18(e)0( the O)34(ffice of )33(T)110(echnology)]TJ 0 -1.6 TD 0.002 Tw [(Assessment [O)43(T)60(A] I fail to see pr)-13(ecisely what pr)37(oblem the elimination of)]TJ T* 0 Tw [(O)45(T)60(A is supposed to solve. I)34(s)0( the pr)-21(oblem that w)8(e)0( suffer fr)10(om a sur)-7(feit of clear)54(,)]TJ T* -0.032 Tw [(objectiv)-19(e, analysis on the complex technical issues confr)45(onting the N)33(ation?)]TJ T* -0.015 Tw [(I)38(s)0( the problem that w)-21(e)0( expect that the questions facing the Congr)31(ess)]TJ T* -0.023 Tw [(ar)-14(e likely to become simpler and less r)17(elated to technology? I)38(s)0( the pr)-16(oblem)]TJ T* -0.045 Tw [(that as individual M)47(embers we have mor)6(e time, energy)86(, and staff to)]TJ T* -0.047 Tw [(delv)-16(e into perplexing scientific and technical materials? O)13(bviously)95(, the answ)37(er)]TJ T* -0.01 Tw [(to all these questions is a r)9(esounding no)30(. And for that r)-11(eason, the r)14(esponse)]TJ T* -0.027 Tw [(to the proposal to eliminate O)36(T)60(A should also be a r)22(esounding no)13(. O)18(T)60(A)]TJ T* -0.019 Tw [(is the Agency that giv)20(es Congr)-15(ess half a chance at making sense of the gr)22(o)-14(wing)]TJ T* -0.05 Tw [(w)10(elter of complex, technical issues we must consider)52(. W)10(ithout O)79(T)60(A,)]TJ T* -0.024 Tw [(w)10(e)0( will be ev)9(er mor)9(e at the mer)18(cy of special inter)-7(ests, who appear at our)]TJ T* -0.03 Tw [(doors with their par)-16(ticular take on the issues, their o)22(wn tailor)-12(ed explanations,)]TJ T* -0.039 Tw (their specifically crafted data. Now of course I know why some Members)Tj T* -0.029 Tw [(want to eliminate O)22(T)60(A\321to save a little money)105(. B)26(ut as I have said befor)34(e,)]TJ T* -0.027 Tw [(the public has asked us to do mor)-11(e with less\321not to do mor)52(e kno)12(wing)]TJ T* -0.016 Tw [(less. )23(Ther)53(e ar)-34(e other items w)13(e)0( should examine befor)40(e limiting our access to)]TJ T* -0.002 Tc -0.062 Tw [(the most pr)15(ecious commodity in )-10(W)108(ashington\321reliable information.)]TJ T* 0 Tc -0.056 Tw [(The writer K)17(u)0(r)-6(t)0( V)126(onnegut once defined the \324information rev)28(olution)70(\325 as the)]TJ T* -0.032 Tw [(ability of human beings to actually kno)31(w what they ar)-7(e talking about, if)]TJ T* -0.024 Tw [(they r)14(eally want to)24(. O)21(T)60(A has given us the ability to participate in that r)11(e)0(v)28(olution.)]TJ T* -0.048 Tw [(I)38(t)0( is a r)-21(e)0(v)28(olution w)-18(e)0( should embrace, not r)12(e)0(v)28(erse. S)38(uppor)-6(t this amendment,)]TJ T* -0.015 Tw [(and suppor)-10(t the ability of Congr)38(ess to know what it is talking about.)]TJ 0 -1.9 TD ([)Tj /F7 1 Tf 0.3 0 TD -0.038 Tc -0.063 Tw [(R)36(epr)20(esentativ)25(e K)-8(ennedy)]TJ /F9 1 Tf 7.65 0 TD (])Tj -7.95 -1.9 TD 0 Tc -0.009 Tw [(S)-11(ince its inception in 1972, O)57(T)60(A has serv)-18(ed as the scientific arm of Congr)43(ess.)]TJ 0 -1.6 TD -0.005 Tw [(I)-12(n)0( the effor)26(t to spend the dollars more wisely)62(, it seems to me that O)61(T)60(A)]TJ T* -0.039 Tw [(is more critical today than ev)16(er befor)-7(e. O)52(T)60(A helps Congr)17(ess determine what)]TJ /F5 1 Tf 9 0 0 9 144 60.5 Tm 0.369 Tc [([page)-265(thirty)-240(one])]TJ ET endstream endobj 100 0 obj <> endobj 101 0 obj <>/Font<>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text]>> endobj 102 0 obj <>stream BT /F9 1 Tf 10 0 0 10 192 596.5 Tm 0 Tr 0 g 0 Tc -0.046 Tw [(pr)-11(ojects should be under)-10(taken, str)30(eamlined and made mor)23(e effectiv)18(e. 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I think it would be a terrible)Tj T* -0.058 Tw [(mistake to do away with O)45(T)60(A entir)-18(ely)131(.)]TJ 0 -2.2 TD ([)Tj /F7 1 Tf 0.25 0 TD -0.045 Tc -0.062 Tw (Representative Morella)Tj /F9 1 Tf 7.35 0 TD (])Tj -7.6 -1.9 TD 0 Tc -0.018 Tw [(As the chair of the Science S)7(ubcommittee on )60(T)110(echnology)89(, I can attest to the)]TJ 0 -1.6 TD -0.038 Tw [(impor)19(tance of O)26(T)60(A. I)23(t)0( pr)8(o)-14(vides in-depth analyses of science and)]TJ T* -0.003 Tw [(technology issues for Congr)15(ess on a bipartisan basis. R)13(epor)-29(ts ar)13(e initiated)]TJ T* -0.037 Tw [(only after O)45(T)60(A\324)58(s congr)-25(essional go)56(v)-18(erning boar)16(d, consisting of an equal)]TJ T* -0.048 Tw [(number of R)28(epublicans and D)-6(emocrats, agr)19(ees to proceed. O)34(T)60(A is a small agency)]TJ T* 0.026 Tw [(that is able to do its job effectiv)23(ely because of its access to exper)-18(tise)]TJ T* -0.046 Tw [(fr)22(om acr)13(oss the countr)-29(y)88(,)0( calling on industr)-35(y)88(,)0( academia, and other exper)16(ts to)]TJ T* -0.017 Tw [(obtain fr)34(ee assistance. I)8(t)0( has voluntarily r)20(educed its management staff)]TJ T* -0.018 Tw [(by 40 per)37(cent since 1993, and it continues to sav)-13(e F)16(ederal dollars b)46(y)0( relying)]TJ T* -0.04 Tw [(on temporar)-28(y exper)11(ts on staff)26(. OT)60(A\324)58(s r)15(epor)-29(ts hav)41(e led to impor)-9(tant)]TJ T* -0.035 Tw [(cost-saving inno)31(v)-18(ations for our agencies as well. O)50(T)60(A\324)58(s continued existence is)]TJ T* -0.018 Tw [(critical to our resolution of complicated policy questions thr)39(ough an)]TJ /F5 1 Tf 9 0 0 9 144 60.5 Tm 0.369 Tc [([page)-265(thirty)-240(two])]TJ ET endstream endobj 103 0 obj <> endobj 104 0 obj <>/Font<>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text]>> endobj 105 0 obj <>stream BT /F9 1 Tf 10 0 0 10 192 596.5 Tm 0 Tr 0 g 0 Tc -0.006 Tw [(objectiv)-19(e analysis of difficult issues. C)60(urr)-24(ently)113(, O)39(T)60(A is wor)18(king on r)-10(epor)-29(ts)]TJ 0 -1.6 TD -0.001 Tc -0.063 Tw [(examining w)15(eapons pr)8(oliferation, the human genome pr)-10(oject, air traffic)]TJ T* -0.006 Tc -0.062 Tw [(contr)21(ol, nuclear waste cleanup, and advanced telecommunications networ)35(ks.)]TJ 0 -2.2 TD ([)Tj /F7 1 Tf 0.3 0 TD -0.041 Tc -0.063 Tw (Representative Engel)Tj /F9 1 Tf 6.6 0 TD (])Tj -6.9 -1.9 TD 0 Tc -0.002 Tw [(Y)74(es, let us cut waste. Let us cut the things that do not wor)16(k. 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I)22(t)0( is one of the things that)]TJ T* -0.001 Tc -0.063 Tw (has been good.)Tj 0 -2.2 TD ([)Tj /F7 1 Tf 0.3 0 TD -0.041 Tc (Representative Skaggs)Tj /F9 1 Tf 6.9 0 TD (])Tj -7.2 -1.9 TD 0 Tc -0.02 Tw [(S)-11(o)0( much of the wor)44(k of this place now goes on really in a second language, the)]TJ 0 -1.6 TD -0.018 Tw [(language of science and technology)66(, whether it is space issues or r)55(esearch)]TJ T* -0.031 Tw [(issues or envir)-17(onmental issues. )49(W)10(ithout OT)110(A, essentially)55(, to do simultaneous)]TJ T* 0 Tw (translation of the language that is very inaccessible to most of us who)Tj T* -0.033 Tw (have not been trained in technical fields, we will essentially be engaging in)Tj T* -0.048 Tw [(an act of unilateral disarmament on v)-17(e)0(r)28(y)88(, v)-16(e)0(r)-22(y)0( key national issues. F)39(a)0(r)]TJ T* -0.018 Tw [(fr)22(om being a luxur)-19(y that w)-6(e)0( could do without, this is a necessity that w)18(e)]TJ T* -0.013 Tw [(would be foolish to try to do without. )18(The idea that ther)31(e is play or lee)-22(way in)]TJ T* -0.009 Tw [(the budgets of any of the other suppor)-9(t agencies, GA)7(O or CRS, is)]TJ T* [(simply not true. )49(Those budgets ar)-8(e being held static. )50(There is no place else)]TJ T* -0.035 Tw [(to put these functions. )-8(W)110(e)0( need to keep them aliv)18(e and w)-25(ell at the O)60(T)60(A)0(.)]TJ 0 -2.2 TD ([)Tj /F7 1 Tf 0.3 0 TD -0.04 Tc -0.062 Tw (Representative Hyde)Tj /F9 1 Tf 6.6 0 TD (])Tj -6.9 -1.9 TD 0 Tc 0.006 Tw (It just seems to me in this era of fiber optics and lasers and space stations, we)Tj 0 -1.6 TD -0.021 Tw (need access to an objective, scholarly source of information that can save us)Tj T* -0.044 Tw [(millions and billions. )27(W)60(e)0( should not eviscerate ever)-22(ything that makes us a mor)36(e)]TJ T* -0.053 Tw [(effectiv)18(e Congr)-22(ess. S)28(o, I suppor)-15(t the H)25(oughton amendment.)]TJ 0 -2.2 TD ([)Tj /F7 1 Tf 0.3 0 TD -0.046 Tc -0.062 Tw (Representative Moran)Tj /F9 1 Tf 7.05 0 TD (])Tj -7.35 -1.9 TD 0 Tc -0.012 Tw [(The Office of )35(T)110(echnology Assessment has done a gr)45(eat job o)8(v)-18(er the y)10(ears in)]TJ 0 -1.6 TD -0.038 Tw [(supplying us with the information w)29(e)0( need to make difficult decisions.)]TJ /F5 1 Tf 9 0 0 9 144 60.5 Tm 0.248 Tc [([page)-260(thirty)-245(three])]TJ ET endstream endobj 106 0 obj <> endobj 107 0 obj <>/Font<>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text]>> endobj 108 0 obj <>stream BT /F9 1 Tf 10 0 0 10 192 596.5 Tm 0 Tr 0 g ([)Tj /F7 1 Tf 0.3 0 TD -0.037 Tc -0.122 Tw [(R)37(epr)24(esentativ)-13(e W)91(alsh)]TJ /F9 1 Tf 6.75 0 TD (])Tj -7.05 -1.9 TD 0 Tc 0 Tw [(E)34(fforts to eliminate funding for this pr)-37(ogram ar)41(e a shor)6(t-sighted mov)-18(e)0( that)]TJ 0 -1.6 TD -0.031 Tw [(Congr)35(ess will r)-26(egr)24(et as the O)51(T)60(A is an invaluable r)11(esource in determining)]TJ T* -0.036 Tw [(the budgetar)-12(y impact of ne)-12(w scientific dev)36(elopments. )38(The O)30(T)60(A is a)]TJ T* -0.028 Tw [(bipartisan agency that r)6(elies on technical and scientific expertise fr)-23(om a br)53(oad)]TJ T* -0.037 Tw [(cr)32(oss-section of industr)-37(y)88(,)0( academia, and other well-r)-8(espected institutions.)]TJ T* -0.027 Tw [(The r)26(epor)-29(ts that O)54(T)60(A submits to congr)-18(essional committees ar)39(e thor)9(ough,)]TJ T* -0.001 Tc -0.063 Tw [(top-notch documents that pro)35(vide exper)-18(t guidance in advising ho)10(w)]TJ T* 0 Tc -0.053 Tw [(Congr)35(ess should adapt to emerging technologies. Fur)-6(thermore, O)38(T)60(A is an)]TJ T* -0.002 Tc -0.062 Tw [(efficient, unbiased organization that has made r)32(ecommendations which)]TJ T* 0 Tc -0.053 Tw [(have saved the U.S. Go)36(v)-18(ernment millions of dollars. F)49(or example, the O)42(T)60(A's study)]TJ T* -0.031 Tw (of a Social Security Administration plan to purchase computers helped save)Tj T* -0.002 Tc -0.063 Tw [(the G)-9(o)34(v)30(ernment $368 million. O)-23(ther O)19(T)108(A r)-14(ecommendations hav)34(e been influential)]TJ T* 0 Tc -0.056 Tw [(in public policy decisions. O)36(T)60(A's r)7(epor)21(ts on pr)-32(ev)28(entativ)28(e Medicare ser)-9(vices)]TJ T* -0.055 Tw [(v)32(alidated the benefits of mammography screening in the elderly)96(. Another study)]TJ T* -0.017 Tw [(demonstrated ho)15(w cost pr)32(ohibitiv)-39(e it would be to institute cholester)56(ol)]TJ T* -0.027 Tw [(screening in the elderly)78(. )73(The point I am tr)-38(ying to make is that O)50(T)60(A is a pr)14(o)-14(v)32(en)]TJ T* -0.023 Tw [(organization that pr)31(o)-14(vides tangible benefits, exper)-14(tise, and savings to)]TJ T* -0.002 Tw [(Congr)35(ess. E)-26(fforts to eliminate all of the functions and personnel of the O)61(T)60(A)]TJ T* -0.008 Tc -0.062 Tw [(ar)20(e misguided.)]TJ 0 -2.2 TD -0.002 Tc [([)18(HOUSE DEBA)31(TE: FINAL ACTION)19(])]TJ 0 -1.9 TD 0 Tc -0.045 Tw [(The leadership)12(, seemingly surprised b)21(y)0( the vote suppor)11(ting O)35(T)60(A, r)10(equir)-6(ed a)]TJ 0 -1.6 TD -0.036 Tw [(second v)-15(ote this time, accor)53(ding to M)20(embers, with instructions from)]TJ T* -0.04 Tw [(the leadership)64(\325)85(s)0( whip organization to defeat the amendment. Mr)30(. 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O)15(T)58(A had sur)-24(viv)15(ed)]TJ T* 0 Tc -0.032 Tw (House action with a 25 percent budget cut.)Tj 0 -2.2 TD -0.008 Tw [([)20(SENA)29(TE DEBA)78(TE)-6(])]TJ 0 -1.9 TD -0.045 Tw [(The debate then mo)14(v)-18(ed to the S)20(enate A)6(ppr)46(opriations Committee. )13(The Legislativ)48(e)]TJ 0 -1.6 TD -0.005 Tc -0.063 Tw [(Branch S)15(ubcommittee, chair)35(ed b)21(y)0( Senator M)7(ack and accompanied by)]TJ T* 0 Tc -0.021 Tw (Senator Bennett, heard testimony prior to the final House action on the legislative)Tj T* -0.042 Tw [(appropriations bill fr)24(om S)20(enators G)28(rassley)63(, H)14(atch, and K)6(ennedy as w)-7(ell)]TJ T* -0.04 Tw [(as D)17(i)0(r)-11(ector H)37(e)0(r)28(dman. S)-26(en. G)28(rassley argued that S)14(en. 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S)46(enators H)-15(atch and)]TJ T* -0.062 Tw [(K)25(ennedy made str)-28(ong pr)34(esentations for O)27(T)60(A)73(\325)85(s appr)11(opriation and S)13(enators M)23(ack)]TJ T* -0.046 Tw [(and Bennett commented that ther)-6(e w)10(e)0(r)28(e)0( plenty of r)36(epor)-29(ts av)20(ailable on subjects)]TJ T* -0.061 Tw [(O)45(T)60(A has studied.)]TJ 0 -1.9 TD -0.047 Tw [(S)-11(enator M)15(ack pr)28(esented a Chairman)82(\325)85(s)0( mark to the full A)25(ppropriations Committee)]TJ 0 -1.6 TD -0.003 Tw [(that included the closing of O)43(T)60(A. S)9(enators H)26(ollings and Stev)35(ens offer)-15(ed an)]TJ /F5 1 Tf 9 0 0 9 144 60.5 Tm 0.305 Tc [([page)-254(thirty)-239(five])]TJ ET endstream endobj 112 0 obj <> endobj 113 0 obj <>/Font<>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text]>> endobj 114 0 obj <>stream BT /F9 1 Tf 10 0 0 10 192 596.5 Tm 0 Tr 0 g 0 Tc -0.063 Tw [(amendment to pr)39(eser)-54(v)32(e)0( O)28(T)60(A with a one percent reduction in the appropriations)]TJ 0 -1.6 TD -0.035 Tw [(of the other suppor)-8(t agencies, necessar)-17(y to preserv)32(e)0( r)-7(e)0(v)-22(enue neutrality)]TJ T* -0.027 Tw [(of the bill. )64(They r)14(epeated the arguments for preserving the agency but the L)-9(O)0(C)]TJ T* -0.044 Tw [(had continued to expr)22(ess concern to members in the S)-8(enate, arguing that)]TJ T* -0.029 Tw [(ev)28(en a 1 per)-27(cent r)31(eduction of its budget was too much. A)26(t)0( the final A)-16(ppropriations)]TJ T* -0.044 Tw (Committee meeting the amendment failed to pass once again, setting the)Tj T* -0.026 Tw [(stage for a floor amendment debate. S)36(enator H)-20(ollings offer)49(ed the amendment)]TJ T* -0.04 Tw [(on the floor)41(, co-sponsor)48(ed b)15(y)0( S)-13(enators H)-11(atch, S)25(tev)35(ens, Robb)36(, Lieberman,)]TJ T* -0.062 Tw [(W)60(ellstone, and K)15(ennedy)89(. F)26(o)0(r)18(ceful support was offer)13(ed in fav)-12(or of the amendment)]TJ T* -0.003 Tc [(by S)6(enators S)26(tev)27(ens, H)22(atch, G)-8(rassley)95(, Kennedy)73(, G)26(lenn, P)61(ell, M)24(o)-17(ynihan, and)]TJ T* 0 Tc -0.044 Tw [(M)62(urray \(and subsequent extension of remar)19(ks b)-39(y)0( S)33(enator I)-6(nouy)11(e, who was not)]TJ T* -0.014 Tw [(pr)-11(esent for the v)14(ote\), but the amendment was tabled and S)13(enator M)48(ack)36(\325)85(s)0( close-out)]TJ T* -0.007 Tc -0.062 Tw [(budget mar)15(k was appr)-22(o)29(v)25(ed.)]TJ 0 -2.2 TD 0 Tc -0.021 Tw [(EX)27(CERPT)34(S FROM ST)85(A)73(TEMENT)-17(S OF SUPPOR)52(TERS ON A PR)59(OPOSED)]TJ 0 -1.6 TD -0.048 Tw [(AMENDMENT )73(T)10(O)0( REST)25(ORE FUNDING )43(T)60(O)0( O)-8(T)60(A DURING )66(THE)]TJ T* -0.008 Tc -0.062 Tw [(SENA)48(TE FL)34(OOR DEBA)52(TES INCL)28(UDED:)]TJ 0 -2.2 TD ([)Tj /F7 1 Tf 0.3 0 TD -0.033 Tc (Senator Stevens)Tj /F9 1 Tf 5.1 0 TD (])Tj -5.4 -1.9 TD 0 Tc -0.037 Tw (When it comes down to it, we have used technology in this country to stay ahead)Tj 0 -1.6 TD -0.032 Tw [(militarily)83(, to stay ahead economically)88(, to meet the needs of our people,)]TJ T* -0.034 Tw [(and y)-8(et her)12(e w)22(e)0( are about r)19(eady to do away with the one entity in the Congr)28(ess)]TJ T* -0.01 Tw [(that tries to collate and analyz)12(e and deliver to M)13(embers of Congr)25(ess)]TJ T* -0.056 Tw [(cr)32(edible, timely r)7(epor)-29(ts on the dev)28(elopment of technology)61(. I believe, mor)45(e than)]TJ T* -0.011 Tw [(most people realiz)31(e, that w)17(e)0( ar)-29(e changing the course of histor)23(y in this)]TJ T* 0.009 Tw [(Congr)35(ess, but this is not one of the hallmar)-33(ks of that change. )85(This entity [O)17(T)60(A)0(])]TJ T* 0.002 Tw [(ought to be out in the for)29(efr)-32(ont of that change, and it will not be unless it is)]TJ T* -0.009 Tc -0.063 Tw [(pr)21(operly funded and maintained.)]TJ /F5 1 Tf 9 0 0 9 144 60.5 Tm 0.369 Tc [([page)-265(thirty)-240(six])]TJ ET endstream endobj 115 0 obj <> endobj 116 0 obj <>/Font<>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text]>> endobj 117 0 obj <>stream BT /F9 1 Tf 10 0 0 10 192 596.5 Tm 0 Tr 0 g ([)Tj /F7 1 Tf 0.3 0 TD -0.031 Tc -0.062 Tw (Senator Hollings)Tj /F9 1 Tf 5.55 0 TD (])Tj -5.85 -1.9 TD 0 Tc -0.039 Tw [(Those who are fr)-21(ustrated and say)116(, 'I)-16(f I cannot cut this, wher)6(e can I cut?' I cannot)]TJ 0 -1.6 TD -0.062 Tw [(understand those who ar)28(e committed to ignorance. W)60(e)0( ar)19(e tr)-28(ying)]TJ T* -0.032 Tw [(to find out. )33(W)60(e)0( are trying to learn. )17(W)60(e, who hav)-6(e been dealing with the O)39(ffice of)]TJ T* -0.035 Tw [(T)110(echnology Assessment, study ver)-22(y)0( closely and look at their par)17(ticular)]TJ T* -0.047 Tw [(commitments. )15(W)60(e)0( just do not take anything and ever)28(ything. I)-21(n)0( fact, all of the)]TJ T* -0.056 Tw [(r)32(equests made ar)-26(e bipar)-10(tisan. )60(They come fr)-12(om the chairmen and the)]TJ T* -0.049 Tw [(ranking members of the committees themselv)-10(es. )20(W)110(e)0( get way more r)-21(equests than)]TJ T* -0.062 Tw [(w)10(e)0( r)16(espond to and cannot take on each and ev)8(er)-22(y question that would come.)]TJ T* -0.015 Tw [(S)-11(o)0( it comes with a r)41(eal need fr)15(om the Congress itself. O)30(T)60(A has r)17(esponded. I)24(t)]TJ T* -0.009 Tw [(has done a pr)25(ofessional job)17(. )41(There is no criticism in this debate about)]TJ T* -0.029 Tw (the quality of work. I am not going to try to overwhelm you and bring all)Tj T* -0.028 Tw (the studies and everything else. But we can get into a few of them. I am pleased\321)Tj T* -0.003 Tc -0.062 Tw [(I hav)13(e checked this amendment thr)9(ough with our distinguished ranking)]TJ T* 0 Tc -0.031 Tw [(member)48(, the S)46(enator fr)-9(om )-8(W)110(ashington, and I will be glad to adjust it. D)15(o)0( not)]TJ T* -0.04 Tw [(tell me that we can giv)30(e ev)-16(er)-22(ything to GA)21(O; w)15(e)0( know GA)-10(O can do it. )73(That)]TJ T* -0.018 Tw [(is not true. I wor)-13(ked closely for y)15(ears as chairman of the Legislativ)30(e Appropria-)]TJ T* -0.053 Tw (tions Subcommittee, working with Elmer Staats and everything else. What we had)Tj T* -0.015 Tw [(to do was cut out all the term papers that wer)28(e)0( being made for high school)]TJ T* -0.053 Tw [(graduates and ev)-6(er)-22(ything o)21(v)32(er ther)-25(e. )43(They will take on anything to keep the wor)36(k)]TJ T* -0.008 Tw [(going. Let us not do that. Let us keep the Office of )43(T)110(echnology Assessment)]TJ T* -0.025 Tw (at an economical price and continue it and not abolish it in the political urge to)Tj T* -0.018 Tw [(get rid of something her)-14(e.)]TJ 0 -2.2 TD ([)Tj /F7 1 Tf 0.3 0 TD -0.025 Tc -0.062 Tw (Senator Grassley)Tj /F9 1 Tf 5.55 0 TD (])Tj -5.85 -1.9 TD 0 Tc -0.04 Tw [(By statute, O)60(T)60(A)0( must secur)-14(e unbiased information r)41(egar)-22(ding the impact of)]TJ 0 -1.6 TD -0.014 Tw [(technological application. O)35(T)60(A is one of the fe)-28(w tr)35(uly neutral sources of)]TJ /F5 1 Tf 9 0 0 9 144 60.5 Tm 0.248 Tc [([page)-260(thirty)-245(seven])]TJ ET endstream endobj 118 0 obj <> endobj 119 0 obj <>/Font<>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text]>> endobj 120 0 obj <>stream BT /F9 1 Tf 10 0 0 10 192 596.5 Tm 0 Tr 0 g 0 Tc -0.021 Tw [(information for the Congress. I)9(n)0( a v)18(e)0(r)-22(y)0( real sense, O)62(T)60(A is our sour)22(ce)]TJ 0 -1.6 TD -0.031 Tw (of objective counsel when it comes to science and technology and its interaction)Tj T* -0.027 Tw [(with public policy decision making. )37(There ar)55(e plenty of places for)]TJ T* -0.017 Tw (information in this town, but so many of these sources of information)Tj T* -0.037 Tw [(come from the priv)-6(ate sector\321and ther)14(e is nothing wr)17(ong with the)]TJ T* -0.029 Tw [(priv)28(ate sector; ther)-7(e is nothing wr)-8(ong with organizations pr)27(otecting their o)9(w)0(n)]TJ T* -0.01 Tw [(inter)17(ests, ev)17(en if it is in the ar)-13(ea of science and technology)116(. But if w)6(e)]TJ T* -0.039 Tw [(do not hav)-14(e an unbiased sour)36(ce of information, then w)24(e)0( hav)8(e to r)-7(ely on organiza-)]TJ T* -0.02 Tw [(tions with a stake in keeping aliv)16(e pr)15(ograms that benefit their inter)-22(ests.)]TJ 0 -2.2 TD ([)Tj /F7 1 Tf 0.3 0 TD -0.031 Tc -0.063 Tw [(S)40(enator K)-19(ennedy)]TJ /F9 1 Tf 5.65 0 TD (])Tj -5.95 -1.9 TD 0 Tc -0.016 Tw [(The Office of )77(T)110(echnology Assessment has performed the task we assigned)]TJ 0 -1.6 TD -0.004 Tw [(to it superbly)104(. I)-16(t)0( continues to ser)20(v)-18(e)0( an indispensable r)14(ole. I)13(t)0( should bear its fair)]TJ T* -0.009 Tw [(shar)24(e of the curr)-10(ent budget crisis\321but it should not be abolished.)]TJ 0 -2.2 TD ([)Tj /F7 1 Tf 0.3 0 TD -0.034 Tc -0.063 Tw (Senator Hatch)Tj /F9 1 Tf 4.8 0 TD (])Tj -5.1 -1.6 TD 0 Tc -0.026 Tw [(I do not think w)-6(e)0( should make the mistake of cutting O)27(T)110(A y)-15(et. I am the first)]TJ T* -0.029 Tw [(to admit that w)14(e)0( hav)18(e to make cutbacks her)15(e. I think O)29(T)60(A has to suffer)]TJ T* -0.013 Tw [(its fair shar)18(e. S)22(o)0( I am not arguing for 100 per)8(cent of O)23(T)60(A's budget. I wish we)]TJ T* -0.02 Tw (could because I think it is working over the long run, because this is the)Tj T* -0.007 Tw [(one arm of Congr)20(ess that does give us, to the best of their ability)111(, unbiased,)]TJ T* -0.028 Tw [(scientific and technical exper)-20(tise that w)20(e)0( could not other)-30(wise get wher)32(e most)]TJ T* -0.002 Tc -0.063 Tw (everybody has confidence in what they do.)Tj 0 -2.2 TD ([)Tj /F7 1 Tf 0.3 0 TD -0.027 Tc -0.062 Tw [(S)44(enator Pell)]TJ /F9 1 Tf 4 0 TD (])Tj -4.3 -1.9 TD 0 Tc 0.005 Tw [(I am in suppor)-8(t of the effor)9(t to preserv)-18(e)0( the Congr)8(essional O)11(ffice of)]TJ 0 -1.6 TD -0.047 Tw [(T)110(echnology Assessment. )71(The O)19(T)60(A, on whose boar)44(d I curr)-22(ently sit, has been)]TJ T* -0.03 Tw [(of pr)-15(ofound and indispensable use to the Congr)63(ess in the carr)-30(ying)]TJ T* -0.028 Tw [(out of its function of an independent sour)32(ce of complex, unbiased analysis)]TJ /F5 1 Tf 9 0 0 9 144 60.5 Tm 0.248 Tc [([page)-260(thirty)-245(eight])]TJ ET endstream endobj 121 0 obj <> endobj 122 0 obj <>/Font<>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text]>> endobj 123 0 obj <>stream BT /F9 1 Tf 10 0 0 10 192 596.5 Tm 0 Tr 0 g 0 Tc -0.017 Tw [(of the technology issues facing our countr)-15(y today)65(. I firmly believ)15(e that it would)]TJ 0 -1.6 TD -0.02 Tw [(be shor)-18(t-sighted and unwise for us to eliminate entir)33(ely this agency)53(,)]TJ T* -0.024 Tw (even as we strive to effectuate budget savings with the Legislative Branch.)Tj 0 -2.2 TD ([)Tj /F7 1 Tf 0.3 0 TD -0.035 Tc -0.063 Tw (Senator Murray)Tj /F9 1 Tf 5.35 0 TD (])Tj -5.65 -1.9 TD 0 Tc -0.02 Tw [(O)45(T)60(A is a unique and v)-26(aluable asset of the Congr)11(ess. F)60(or many y)19(ears it was also)]TJ 0 -1.6 TD -0.008 Tw (unique to the United States; but within the past few years, it has)Tj T* -0.039 Tw (been used as a model by many democratic nations for establishing their own)Tj T* -0.044 Tw (technology assessment organizations.)Tj 0 -2.2 TD ([)Tj /F7 1 Tf 0.3 0 TD -0.032 Tc -0.063 Tw (Senator Glenn)Tj /F9 1 Tf 4.85 0 TD (])Tj -5.15 -1.9 TD 0 Tc -0.003 Tw [([)-30(T)10(]he O)23(T)60(A has pro)36(v)-18(ed itself time and again in hundr)53(eds of studies acr)8(oss the)]TJ 0 -1.6 TD -0.02 Tw [(boar)22(d spectrum of technology assessment. )49(Thr)7(oughout its tenur)-17(e, it has)]TJ T* -0.044 Tw [(become recogniz)-13(ed ar)47(ound the world of its cogent, pr)-16(ofessional, and unbiased)]TJ T* -0.015 Tw [(wor)28(k. It would be foolhar)31(dy to shelv)-28(e that exper)11(tise no)29(w in a blind effor)-33(t to)]TJ T* -0.021 Tw (simply slash budgets.)Tj 0 -2.2 TD ([)Tj /F7 1 Tf 0.3 0 TD -0.043 Tc -0.062 Tw (Senator Moynihan)Tj /F9 1 Tf 6.1 0 TD (])Tj -6.4 -1.9 TD 0 Tc 0.002 Tw [(I am sure most of us will also agr)26(ee that the Office of )63(T)110(echnology Assessment)]TJ 0 -1.6 TD -0.031 Tw [(has an impor)-22(tant r)44(ole. I)-14(t)0( has been her)16(e a quar)-17(ter centur)26(y)38(.)0( I)57(t)0( was established)]TJ T* -0.015 Tw [(for a r)15(ole and it ought to continue.)]TJ 0 -2.2 TD -0.008 Tc -0.063 Tw [([)12(CONFERENCE COMMITTEE ACTION)-19(])]TJ 0 -1.9 TD 0 Tc -0.033 Tw [(O)45(T)60(A)73(\325)85(s last chance for sur)-11(viv)21(al was in the H)14(ouse-S)-24(enate confer)24(ence committee)]TJ 0 -1.6 TD -0.008 Tw [(to r)17(esolv)-16(e the differ)22(ences between the H)25(ouse and S)28(enate versions of the)]TJ T* -0.036 Tw [(Legislativ)22(e A)-17(ppropriations bill. Chairman P)46(ackar)22(d offer)17(ed to accede to the S)22(enate)]TJ T* -0.063 Tw [(position for elimination but R)9(epr)34(esentative F)21(azio intr)30(oduced an amendment)]TJ T* -0.046 Tw [(to fund O)33(T)60(A without a r)16(eduction in the L)8(OC appropriation. )65(The)]TJ T* -0.043 Tw [(Committee r)8(egister)7(ed a tie v)22(ote; thus the amendment failed to be appr)-10(o)36(v)-18(ed.)]TJ /F5 1 Tf 9 0 0 9 144 60.5 Tm 0.305 Tc [([page)-254(thirty)-239(nine])]TJ ET endstream endobj 124 0 obj <> endobj 125 0 obj <>/Font<>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text]>> endobj 126 0 obj <>stream BT /F9 1 Tf 10 0 0 10 192 596.5 Tm 0 Tr 0 g 0 Tc -0.035 Tw [(The S)25(enate mar)16(k for closing do)13(wn OT)60(A was thus agr)43(eed to in conference and)]TJ 0 -1.6 TD -0.012 Tw (any possibility of additional attempts would be frustrated by the overall)Tj T* -0.038 Tw [(federal budget impasse with the )6(White H)53(ouse; O)24(T)60(A quietly began pr)22(eparations)]TJ T* 0.007 Tw (for suspending operations, transferring assets to other support agencies)Tj T* -0.006 Tw [(as instr)15(ucted in the legislation, and out-placement of O)33(T)60(A staff to other car)-20(eers.)]TJ T* -0.032 Tw (It should be noted that the Senate mark included funds for 60-day severance)Tj T* -0.005 Tw [(for all O)40(T)60(A emplo)-9(y)38(ees and arrangements for a closeout staff of seventeen)]TJ T* -0.008 Tw [(during fiscal y)24(ear 1996. )16(This pr)36(o)-14(vision enabled O)36(T)60(A staff to concentrate up to)]TJ T* -0.017 Tw (the last days on completing almost all pending requests for committees,)Tj T* 0.017 Tw [(issuing 61 r)10(epor)-29(ts \(sixteen of which w)39(e)0(r)28(e)0( distributed after O)-19(ctober 1\) and also)]TJ T* -0.012 Tw (allowed the closeout team to carry out necessary final tasks, such)Tj T* -0.007 Tw [(as pr)9(oper archiving to the N)55(ational Ar)-22(chives and to cr)11(eate a set of CD-R)71(OM\325)42(s)]TJ T* -0.014 Tw [(comprising all 755 of O)33(T)60(A)73(\325)85(s r)41(epor)-29(ts fr)38(om 1972 to closur)-26(e. F)20(u)0(r)-6(thermore,)]TJ T* -0.02 Tw [(with the help of the Ar)20(chitect of the Capitol, physical assets w)-15(e)0(r)28(e)0( made av)-13(ailable)]TJ T* -0.024 Tw [(to other congr)21(essional agencies. R)6(ecognition for this constructiv)8(e pr)11(o)-14(vision,)]TJ T* -0.022 Tw [(which maximiz)26(ed r)15(esponsible pr)-23(eserv)-18(ation of O)56(T)60(A assets and responsibilities, is)]TJ T* -0.061 Tw [(due to S)26(enator Mack and the A)31(ppropriations Committees.)]TJ 0 -2.2 TD -0.037 Tw [([)20(A)0( NOTE ABOUT FISCAL YEAR 1996 ACTIVITIES)-31(])]TJ 0 -1.9 TD -0.018 Tw [(Because O)58(T)60(A)73(\325)85(s r)-13(esearch activities w)30(e)0(r)28(e)0( terminated as of the end of FY95, ther)14(e)]TJ 0 -1.6 TD -0.026 Tw [(will be no Annual R)-6(epor)21(t for fiscal year 1996. 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OCT)51(OBER)-21( 13, 1972.)]TJ 0 -1.6 TD -0.017 Tc -0.063 Tw (AN ACT)Tj 0 -2.2 TD ([)Tj /F7 1 Tf 0.3 0 TD -0.036 Tc -0.062 Tw [(T)148(o)0( establish an O)-15(ffice of )55(T)148(echnolog)-86(y A)-8(ssessment for the Congr)34(ess as an aid in the identification)]TJ -0.3 -1.6 TD -0.047 Tc -0.063 Tw (and consideration of existing and probable impacts of technological application; to amend the)Tj T* -0.043 Tc -0.062 Tw [(N)46(ational Science Foundation A)52(ct of 1950; and for other purposes. B)-14(e)0( it enacted b)20(y)0( the S)17(enate and)]TJ T* -0.038 Tc -0.063 Tw [(H)23(ouse of R)30(epr)20(esentativ)-25(es of the U)54(nited S)23(tates of A)24(merica in Congr)-21(ess assembled, )93(That this A)-16(c)0(t)]TJ T* -0.034 Tc [(may be cited as the \322)-20(T)100(echnolog)-24(y Assessment A)11(ct of 1972.)37(\323)]TJ /F9 1 Tf 18.4 0 TD (])Tj /F5 1 Tf 7 0 0 7 192 472.5 Tm 0 Tc -0.131 Tw ([Findings and Declaration of Purpose])Tj 0 -2.714 TD -0.104 Tw [(SEC. )-19(2)-771(The Congress hereby finds and declares that:)]TJ 0 -2.286 TD -0.11 Tw [([)21(a)21(])-814(As technology continues to change and expand rapidly, its applications)]TJ 2.571 -2.286 TD -0.019 Tc (are\321)Tj -2.571 -2.286 TD 0 Tc -0.088 Tw [(1)28(.)-1400(large and growing in scale; and)]TJ T* -0.129 Tw [(2)28(.)-1400(increasingly extensive, pervasive, and critical in their impact,)]TJ 2.571 -2.286 TD -0.11 Tw (beneficial and adverse, on the natural and social environment.)Tj -2.571 -2.286 TD -0.096 Tw [([)21(b)21(])-814(Therefore, it is essential that, to the fullest extent possible, the)]TJ 2.571 -2.286 TD -0.001 Tc -0.15 Tw (consequences of technological applications be anticipated,)Tj T* 0 Tc -0.111 Tw (understood, and considered in determination of public policy on)Tj T* -0.141 Tw (existing and emerging national problems.)Tj -2.571 -2.286 TD -0.113 Tw [([)21(c)21(])-814(The Congress further finds that:)]TJ T* -0.112 Tw [(1)28(.)-1400(the Federal agencies presently responsible directly to the Congress are)]TJ 2.571 -2.286 TD -0.101 Tw (not designed to provide the legislative branch with adequate and)Tj T* -0.141 Tw (timely information, independently developed, relating to the potential)Tj T* -0.145 Tw (impact of technological applications, and)Tj -2.571 -2.286 TD -0.081 Tw [(2)28(.)-1400(the present mechanisms of the Congress do not and are not designed to)]TJ 2.571 -2.286 TD -0.125 Tw (provide the legislative branch with such information.)Tj -2.571 -2.286 TD -0.099 Tw [([)21(d)21(])-814(Accordingly, it is necessary for the Congress to\321)]TJ T* -0.102 Tw [(1)28(.)-1400(equip itself with new and effective means for securing competent,)]TJ 9 0 0 9 144 60.5 Tm 0.248 Tc [([page)-260(ninety)-245(three])]TJ ET endstream endobj 286 0 obj <> endobj 287 0 obj <>/Font<>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text]>> endobj 288 0 obj <>stream BT /F5 1 Tf 7 0 0 7 210 596.5 Tm 0 Tr 0 g -0.001 Tc -0.15 Tw (unbiased information concerning the physical, biological, economic,)Tj 0 -2.286 TD 0 Tc -0.111 Tw (social, and political effects of such applications; and)Tj -2.571 -2.286 TD -0.107 Tw [(2)28(.)-1400(utilize this information, whenever appropriate, as one factor in the)]TJ 2.571 -2.286 TD -0.125 Tw (legislative assessment of matters pending before the Congress,)Tj T* -0.105 Tw (particularly in those instances where the Federal Government may be)Tj T* -0.101 Tw (called upon to consider support for, or management or regulation)Tj T* -0.005 Tc -0.15 Tw (of, technological applications.)Tj -2.571 -3.143 TD 0 Tc -0.127 Tw ([Establishment of the Office of Technology Assessment])Tj 0 -2.714 TD -0.085 Tw (SEC. 3)Tj 0 -2.286 TD -0.093 Tw [([)21(a)21(])-814(In accordance with the findings and declaration of purpose in section 2,)]TJ 2.571 -2.286 TD -0.104 Tw (there is hereby created the Office of Technology Assessment)Tj T* -0.095 Tw ([hereinafter referred to as the \322Office\323] which shall be within and)Tj T* -0.113 Tw (responsible to the legislative branch of the Government.)Tj -2.571 -2.286 TD -0.11 Tw [([)21(b)21(])-814(The Office shall consist of a Technology Assessment Board [hereinafter)]TJ 2.571 -2.286 TD -0.101 Tw (referred to as the \322Board\323] which shall formulate and promulgate)Tj T* -0.079 Tw (the policies of the Office, and a Director who shall carry out such)Tj T* -0.107 Tw (policies and administer the operations of the Office.)Tj -2.571 -2.286 TD -0.09 Tw [([)21(c)21(])-814(The basic function of the Office shall be to provide early indications)]TJ 2.571 -2.286 TD -0.104 Tw (of the probable beneficial and adverse impacts of the applications)Tj T* -0.115 Tw (of technology and to develop other coordinate information)Tj T* -0.092 Tw (which may assist the Congress. In carrying out such function, the)Tj T* -0.003 Tc -0.15 Tw (Office shall:)Tj -2.571 -2.286 TD 0 Tc -0.12 Tw [(1)28(.)-1400(identify existing or probable impacts of technology or technological)]TJ 2.571 -2.286 TD -0.016 Tc (programs;)Tj -2.571 -2.286 TD -0.004 Tc -0.15 Tw [(2)24(.)-1404(where possible, ascertain cause-and-effect relationships;)]TJ T* -0.001 Tc [(3)27(.)-1401(identify alternative technological methods of implementing)]TJ 2.571 -2.286 TD -0.006 Tc (specific programs;)Tj 9 0 0 9 144 60.5 Tm 0.305 Tc [([page)-254(ninety)-239(four])]TJ ET endstream endobj 289 0 obj <> endobj 290 0 obj <>/Font<>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text]>> endobj 291 0 obj <>stream BT /F5 1 Tf 7 0 0 7 192 596.5 Tm 0 Tr 0 g 0 Tc -0.141 Tw [(4)28(.)-1400(identify alternative programs for achieving requisite goals;)]TJ 0 -2.286 TD -0.107 Tw [(5)28(.)-1400(make estimates and comparisons of the impacts of alternative methods)]TJ 2.571 -2.286 TD -0.003 Tc -0.15 Tw (and programs;)Tj -2.571 -2.286 TD 0 Tc -0.115 Tw [(6)28(.)-1400(present findings of completed analyses to the appropriate)]TJ 2.571 -2.286 TD -0.008 Tc -0.15 Tw (legislative authorities;)Tj -2.571 -2.286 TD 0 Tc -0.112 Tw [(7)28(.)-1400(identify areas where additional research or data collection is required)]TJ 2.571 -2.286 TD -0.108 Tw (to provide adequate support for the assessments and estimates)Tj T* -0.091 Tw (described in paragraph 1 through 5 of this subsection; and)Tj -2.571 -2.286 TD -0.133 Tw [(8)28(.)-1400(undertake such additional associated activities as the appropriate)]TJ 2.571 -2.286 TD -0.127 Tw (authorities specified under subsection [d] may direct.)Tj -2.571 -2.286 TD -0.107 Tw [([)21(d)21(])-814(Assessment activities undertaken by the Office may be initiated upon)]TJ 2.571 -2.286 TD -0.106 Tw (the request of:)Tj -2.571 -2.286 TD -0.096 Tw [(1)28(.)-1400(the chairman of any standing, special, or select committee of either)]TJ 2.571 -2.286 TD -0.078 Tw (House of the Congress, or of any joint committee of the)Tj T* -0.09 Tw (Congress, acting for himself or at the request of the ranking minority)Tj T* -0.093 Tw (member or a majority of the committee members;)Tj -2.571 -2.286 TD -0.092 Tw [(2)28(.)-1400(the Board; or)]TJ T* -0.106 Tw [(3)28(.)-1400(the Director, in consultation with the Board.)]TJ T* -0.127 Tw [([)21(e)21(])-814(Assessments made by the Office, including information, surveys, studies,)]TJ 2.571 -2.286 TD -0.11 Tw (reports, and findings related thereto, shall be made available)Tj T* -0.104 Tw (to the initiating committee or other appropriate committees of the)Tj T* -0.125 Tw (Congress. In addition, any such information, surveys, studies,)Tj T* -0.089 Tw (reports, and findings produced by the Office may be made available to)Tj T* -0.113 Tw (the public except where\321)Tj -2.571 -2.286 TD -0.089 Tw [(1)28(.)-1400(to do so would violate security statutes; or)]TJ T* -0.097 Tw [(2)28(.)-1400(the Board considers it necessary or advisable to withhold such)]TJ 2.571 -2.286 TD -0.098 Tw (information in accordance with one or more of the numbered paragraphs)Tj T* -0.087 Tw (in section 552[b] of title 5, United States Code.)Tj 9 0 0 9 144 60.5 Tm 0.305 Tc [([page)-254(ninety)-239(five])]TJ ET endstream endobj 292 0 obj <> endobj 293 0 obj <>/Font<>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text]>> endobj 294 0 obj <>stream BT /F5 1 Tf 7 0 0 7 192 596.5 Tm 0 Tr 0 g -0.004 Tc -0.15 Tw ([Technology Assessment Board])Tj 0 -2.714 TD 0 Tc -0.085 Tw (SEC. 4)Tj 0 -2.286 TD -0.097 Tw [([)21(a)21(])-814(The Board shall consist of thirteen members as follows:)]TJ T* -0.087 Tw [(1)28(.)-1400(six Members of the Senate, appointed by the President pro tempore of)]TJ 2.571 -2.286 TD -0.085 Tw (the Senate, three from the majority party and three from the)Tj T* -0.004 Tc -0.15 Tw (minority party;)Tj -2.571 -2.286 TD 0 Tc -0.096 Tw [(2)28(.)-1400(six Members of the House of Representatives appointed by the Speaker)]TJ 2.571 -2.286 TD -0.097 Tw (of the House of Representatives, three from the majority party)Tj T* -0.09 Tw (and three from the minority party; and)Tj -2.571 -2.286 TD -0.083 Tw [(3)28(.)-1400(the Director, who shall not be a voting member.)]TJ T* -0.086 Tw [([)21(b)21(\))-814(Vacancies in the membership of the Board shall not affect the power)]TJ 2.571 -2.286 TD -0.088 Tw (of the remaining members to execute the functions of the)Tj T* -0.067 Tw (Board and shall be filled in the same manner as in the case of the)Tj T* -0.007 Tc -0.15 Tw (original appointment.)Tj -2.571 -2.286 TD 0 Tc -0.078 Tw ([c] The Board shall select a chairman and a vice chairman from among its)Tj 2.571 -2.286 TD -0.094 Tw (members at the beginning of each Congress. The vice chairman)Tj T* -0.071 Tw (shall act in the place and stead of the chairman in the absence of the)Tj T* -0.12 Tw (chairman. The chairmanship and the vice chairmanship shall alternate)Tj T* -0.096 Tw (between the Senate and the House of Representatives with each)Tj T* -0.117 Tw (Congress. The chairman during each even-numbered Congress shall be)Tj T* -0.088 Tw (selected by the Members of the House of Representatives on the)Tj T* -0.098 Tw (Board from among their number. The vice chairman during each Congress)Tj T* -0.08 Tw (shall be chosen in the same manner from that House of Congress)Tj T* -0.079 Tw (other than the House of Congress of which the chairman is a Member.)Tj -2.571 -2.286 TD -0.076 Tw [([)21(d)21(])-814(The Board is authorized to sit and act at such places and times during)]TJ 2.571 -2.286 TD -0.11 Tw (the sessions, recesses, and adjourned periods of Congress, and)Tj T* -0.073 Tw (upon a vote of a majority of its members, to require by subpoena or)Tj 9 0 0 9 144 60.5 Tm 0.369 Tc [([page)-265(ninety)-240(six])]TJ ET endstream endobj 295 0 obj <> endobj 296 0 obj <>/Font<>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text]>> endobj 297 0 obj <>stream BT /F5 1 Tf 7 0 0 7 210 596.5 Tm 0 Tr 0 g 0 Tc -0.098 Tw (otherwise the attendance of such witnesses and the production of such)Tj 0 -2.286 TD -0.103 Tw (books, papers, and documents, to administer such oaths and)Tj T* -0.104 Tw (affirmations, to take such testimony, to procure such printing and)Tj T* -0.097 Tw (binding, and to make such expenditures, as it deems advisable.)Tj T* -0.102 Tw (The Board may make such rules respecting its organization and procedures)Tj T* -0.096 Tw (as it deems necessary, except that no recommendation shall be)Tj T* -0.093 Tw (reported from the Board unless a majority of the Board assent. Subpoenas)Tj T* -0.073 Tw (may be issued over the signature of the chairman of the Board or of)Tj T* -0.074 Tw (any voting member designated by him or by the Board, and may be)Tj T* -0.082 Tw (served by such person or persons as may be designated by such chairman)Tj T* -0.084 Tw (or member. The chairman of the Board or any voting member thereof)Tj T* -0.118 Tw (may administer oaths or affirmations to witnesses.)Tj -2.571 -3.143 TD -0.141 Tw ([Director and Deputy Director])Tj 0 -2.714 TD -0.085 Tw (SEC. 5)Tj 0 -2.286 TD -0.099 Tw [([)21(a)21(])-814(The Director of the Office of Technology Assessment shall be appointed)]TJ 2.571 -2.286 TD -0.07 Tw (by the Board and shall serve for a term of six years unless)Tj T* -0.079 Tw (sooner removed by the Board. He shall receive basic pay at the rate)Tj T* -0.09 Tw (provided for level III of the Executive Schedule under section 5314 of)Tj T* -0.099 Tw (title 5, United States Code.)Tj -2.571 -2.286 TD -0.074 Tw [([)21(b)21(])-814(In addition to the powers and duties vested in him by this Act,)]TJ 2.571 -2.286 TD -0.09 Tw (the Director shall exercise such powers and duties as may be delegated)Tj T* -0.071 Tw (to him by the Board.)Tj -2.571 -2.286 TD -0.084 Tw [([)21(c)21(])-814(The Director may appoint with the approval of the Board, a Deputy)]TJ 2.571 -2.286 TD -0.096 Tw (Director who shall perform such functions as the Director may)Tj T* -0.09 Tw (prescribe and who shall be Acting Director during the absence or)Tj T* -0.075 Tw (incapacity of the Director or in the event of a vacancy in)Tj T* -0.095 Tw (the office of Director. The Deputy Director shall receive basic pay)Tj 9 0 0 9 144 60.5 Tm 0.248 Tc [([page)-260(ninety)-245(seven])]TJ ET endstream endobj 298 0 obj <> endobj 299 0 obj <>/Font<>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text]>> endobj 300 0 obj <>stream BT /F5 1 Tf 7 0 0 7 210 596.5 Tm 0 Tr 0 g 0 Tc -0.084 Tw (at the rate provided for level IV of the Executive Schedule under)Tj 0 -2.286 TD -0.089 Tw (section 5315 of title 5, United States Code.)Tj -2.571 -2.286 TD -0.09 Tw [([)21(d)21(])-814(Neither the Director nor the Deputy Director shall engage in any other)]TJ 2.571 -2.286 TD -0.101 Tw (business, vocation, or employment than that of serving as)Tj T* -0.079 Tw (such Director or Deputy Director, as the case may be; nor shall the)Tj T* -0.094 Tw (Director or Deputy Director, except with the approval of the)Tj T* -0.085 Tw (Board, hold any office in, or act in any capacity for, any organization,)Tj T* -0.099 Tw (agency, or institution with which the Office makes any contract)Tj T* -0.102 Tw (or other arrangement under this Act.)Tj -2.571 -3.143 TD -0.118 Tw ([Authority of the Office])Tj 0 -2.714 TD -0.085 Tw (SEC. 6)Tj 0 -2.286 TD -0.095 Tw [([)21(a)21(])-814(The Office shall have the authority, within the limits of available)]TJ 2.571 -2.286 TD -0.093 Tw (appropriations, to do all things necessary to carry out the)Tj T* -0.096 Tw (provisions of this Act, including, but without being limited to, the)Tj T* -0.003 Tc -0.15 Tw (authority to\321)Tj -2.571 -2.286 TD 0 Tc -0.11 Tw [(1)28(.)-1400(make full use of competent personnel and organizations outside)]TJ 2.571 -2.286 TD -0.085 Tw (the Office, public or private, and form special ad hoc task forces)Tj T* -0.124 Tw (or make other arrangements when appropriate;)Tj -2.571 -2.286 TD -0.093 Tw [(2)28(.)-1400(enter into contracts or other arrangements as may be necessary for)]TJ 2.571 -2.286 TD -0.085 Tw (the conduct of the work of the Office with any agency or instrumentality)Tj T* -0.092 Tw (of the United States, with any State, territory, or possession or)Tj T* -0.106 Tw (any political subdivision thereof, or with any person, firm,)Tj T* -0.139 Tw (association, corporation, or educational institution, with or without)Tj T* -0.125 Tw (reimbursement, without performance or other bonds, and without)Tj T* -0.086 Tw (regard to section 3709 of the Revised Statutes [41 U.S.C. 5];)Tj -2.571 -2.286 TD -0.108 Tw [(3)28(.)-1400(make advance, progress, and other payments which relate to technology)]TJ 2.571 -2.286 TD -0.093 Tw (assessment without regard to the provisions of section 3648 of the)Tj T* -0.117 Tw (Revised Statutes [31 U.S.C. 529];)Tj 9 0 0 9 144 60.5 Tm 0.248 Tc [([page)-260(ninety)-245(eight])]TJ ET endstream endobj 301 0 obj <> endobj 302 0 obj <>/Font<>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text]>> endobj 303 0 obj <>stream BT /F5 1 Tf 7 0 0 7 192 596.5 Tm 0 Tr 0 g 0 Tc -0.113 Tw [(4)28(.)-1400(accept and utilize the services of voluntary and uncompensated personnel)]TJ 2.571 -2.286 TD -0.078 Tw (necessary for the conduct of the work of the Office and)Tj T* -0.12 Tw (provide transportation and subsistence as authorized by section 5703)Tj T* -0.093 Tw (of title 5, United States Code, for persons serving without)Tj T* -0.015 Tc (compensation;)Tj -2.571 -2.286 TD 0 Tc -0.081 Tw [(5)28(.)-1400(acquire by purchase, lease, loan, or gift, and hold and dispose of by)]TJ 2.571 -2.286 TD -0.086 Tw (sale, lease, or loan, real and personal property of all kinds)Tj T* -0.096 Tw (necessary for or resulting from the exercise of authority granted by)Tj T* -0.092 Tw (this Act; and)Tj -2.571 -2.286 TD -0.102 Tw [(6)28(.)-1400(prescribe such rules and regulations as it deems necessary governing the)]TJ 2.571 -2.286 TD -0.116 Tw (operation and organization of the Office.)Tj -2.571 -2.286 TD -0.111 Tw [([)21(b)21(])-814(Contractors and other parties entering into contracts and other)]TJ 2.571 -2.286 TD -0.108 Tw (arrangements under this section which involve costs to the Government)Tj T* -0.095 Tw (shall maintain such books and related records as will facilitate an)Tj T* -0.082 Tw (effective audit in such detail and in such manner as shall)Tj T* -0.092 Tw [(b)28(e)-543(prescribed by the Office, and such books and records [and related)]TJ T* -0.091 Tw (documents and papers] shall be available to the Office and)Tj T* -0.085 Tw (the Comptroller General of the United States, or any of their duly)Tj T* -0.122 Tw (authorized representatives, for the purpose of audit and examination.)Tj -2.571 -2.286 TD -0.086 Tw [([)21(c)21(])-814(The Office, in carrying out the provisions of this Act, shall)]TJ 2.571 -2.286 TD -0.113 Tw (not, itself, operate any laboratories, pilot plants, or test facilities.)Tj -2.571 -2.286 TD -0.097 Tw [([)21(d)21(])-814(The Office is authorized to secure directly from any executive)]TJ 2.571 -2.286 TD -0.001 Tc -0.15 Tw (department or agency information, suggestions, estimates, statistics,)Tj T* 0 Tc -0.094 Tw (and technical assistance for the purpose of carrying out its)Tj T* -0.102 Tw (functions under this Act. Each such executive department or agency shall)Tj T* -0.002 Tc -0.15 Tw (furnish the information, suggestions, estimates, statistics,)Tj T* 0 Tc -0.102 Tw (and technical assistance directly to the Office upon its request.)Tj 9 0 0 9 144 60.5 Tm 0.305 Tc [([page)-254(ninety)-239(nine])]TJ ET endstream endobj 304 0 obj <> endobj 305 0 obj <>/Font<>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text]>> endobj 306 0 obj <>stream BT /F5 1 Tf 7 0 0 7 192 596.5 Tm 0 Tr 0 g 0 Tc -0.084 Tw [([)21(e)21(])-814(On request of the Office, the head of any executive department or)]TJ 2.571 -2.286 TD -0.099 Tw (agency may detail, with or without reimbursement, any of its personnel)Tj T* -0.089 Tw [(t)28(o)-543(assist the Office in carrying out its functions under this Act.)]TJ -2.571 -2.286 TD -0.092 Tw [([)21(f)21(])-814(The Director shall, in accordance with such policies as the Board)]TJ 2.571 -2.286 TD -0.099 Tw (shall prescribe, appoint and fix the compensation of such personnel as)Tj T* -0.081 Tw (may be necessary to carry out the provisions of this Act.)Tj -2.571 -3.143 TD -0.144 Tw ([Establishment of the Technology Assessment Advisory Council])Tj 0 -2.714 TD -0.085 Tw (SEC. 7)Tj 0 -2.286 TD -0.118 Tw [([)21(a)21(])-814(The Office shall establish a Technology Assessment Advisory Council)]TJ 2.571 -2.286 TD -0.101 Tw ([hereinafter referred to as the \322Council\323]. The Council shall be)Tj T* -0.116 Tw (composed of the following twelve members:)Tj -2.571 -2.286 TD -0.077 Tw [(1)28(.)-1400(ten members from the public, to be appointed by the Board, who shall be)]TJ 2.571 -2.286 TD -0.093 Tw (persons eminent in one or more fields of the physical, biological,)Tj T* -0.11 Tw (or social sciences or engineering or experienced in the administration)Tj T* -0.097 Tw (of technological activities, or who may be judged qualified on)Tj T* -0.107 Tw (the basis of contributions made to educational or public activities;)Tj -2.571 -2.286 TD -0.132 Tw [(2)28(.)-1400(the Comptroller General; and)]TJ T* -0.102 Tw [(3)28(.)-1400(the Director of the Congressional Research Service of the Library)]TJ 2.571 -2.286 TD -0.016 Tc [(o)12(f)-559(Congress.)]TJ -2.571 -2.286 TD 0 Tc -0.093 Tw [([)21(b)21(])-814(The Council, upon request by the Board, shall\321)]TJ T* -0.108 Tw [(1)28(.)-1400(review and make recommendations to the Board on activities undertaken)]TJ 2.571 -2.286 TD -0.086 Tw (by the Office or on the initiation thereof in accordance with)Tj T* -0.003 Tc -0.15 Tw (section 3[d];)Tj -2.571 -2.286 TD 0 Tc -0.086 Tw [(2)28(.)-1400(review and make recommendations to the Board on the findings of any)]TJ 2.571 -2.286 TD -0.083 Tw (assessment made by or for the Office; and)Tj -2.571 -2.286 TD -0.101 Tw [(3)28(.)-1400(undertake such additional related tasks as the Board may direct.)]TJ T* -0.098 Tw [([)21(c)21(])-814(The Council, by majority vote, shall elect from its members appointed)]TJ 2.571 -2.286 TD -0.086 Tw (under subsection [a][1] of this section a Chairman and a Vice)Tj T* -0.087 Tw (Chairman, who shall serve for such time and under such conditions as)Tj 9 0 0 9 144 60.5 Tm 0.305 Tc [([page)-254(one)-230(hundred])]TJ ET endstream endobj 307 0 obj <> endobj 308 0 obj <>/Font<>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text]>> endobj 309 0 obj <>stream BT /F5 1 Tf 7 0 0 7 210 596.5 Tm 0 Tr 0 g 0 Tc -0.086 Tw (the Council may prescribe. In the absence of the Chairman, or)Tj 0 -2.286 TD -0.085 Tw (in the event of his incapacity, the Vice Chairman shall act as Chairman.)Tj -2.571 -2.286 TD -0.082 Tw [([)21(d)21(])-814(The term of office of each member of the Council appointed)]TJ 2.571 -2.286 TD -0.091 Tw (under subsection [a][1] shall be four years except that any such member)Tj T* -0.09 Tw (appointed to fill a vacancy occurring prior to the expiration of)Tj T* -0.095 Tw (the term for which his predecessor was appointed shall be appointed)Tj T* -0.08 Tw (for the remainder of such term. No person shall be appointed a)Tj T* -0.096 Tw (member of the Council under subsection [a][1] more than twice. 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All Rights Reserved.Adobe Garamond is a registered trademark of Adobe Systems Incorporated.) readonly def /FullName (Adobe Garamond Regular) readonly def /FamilyName (Adobe Garamond) readonly def /ItalicAngle 0 def /isFixedPitch false def /UnderlinePosition -100 def /UnderlineThickness 50 def /Weight (Regular) def /BaseFontName (AGaramond-Regular) def end def /Encoding StandardEncoding def currentdict end currentfile eexec O qN/Vu fg{+ &XVɻ^dʞ yOS?]gڵ|\TmtFxqBLQNE!T\ՖZ jiomI7P'"if7ͭ;bǵrOi Cٹ1a6ࣴtzopM)&İM"หBf-RD7eAk_ ؃be8==da7H6SfӃ1ZIQf̯wiSRYBl;f|E*yKaX9[hk ਗ਼ng+(bz|D4g",xf:fYYڧ֞iwiae^Jѫ^/CzjǜRFBBݜv'$(IR pW:W&_E]HO<NJm%:pcAATpɆ~(p4}/ 8t%OtlȎF!K( -#vxg1UhI‰Y|5ňxEzO"n+%omVtm18b燩F9M}IH^(wU0k4F0ҁ?U,H6^b.f4rXu[,7 +8Pq+? 8Z"kh蹔B͢ b&fP(iĨݙ˺ I6ٍ%P\}]\U[H{d\RURP*haHI&Ai}QQa]lUz z}8G.1Ğe/A"F \vD1[_f:0E °'m{׋WbP+Mi f~vĉ#9Fg8,-*owu z3Yaè,-|ߏc?{/6*ŠAjC^ur<6bbPz=ћQemqڛ􈂨7^w uE+B߅c }6)WV6rNV-хҡJW @tX(H/IA絖n甠xuEORa.Nt "U.@Mp`Qnޔ/Ms $Vd~c ct)3{dv_47Ou^'9Kf+>YiiW!u< E14Snx>WʍF?59z (8+.geb8LwuDu L 蟹a;}0d nm$k*dylkldU& ڵ)MnssQsyȼ@&lTY]6O{hSá,Jl<;[OH]K䘄,l 7+%:ۏ/1ܒF~qM(j],ݿ`scn.{UWBgOjZEʅrAY/ɳ%8ZnL&@/!~qy+ eZ/u }jqX0dd8F{sn em"ǹ7ԢQ/y=;8rug$IjuꔎS;Ӡ]XZٛAZqh`G޸C1c20erR](V$R=w};€-;ZB7Je+{{4yfK։M*A: hAS$Өq^>:̜K7T# 2'z̾̅.CYet#<BFz@zșޱ6P2Gm݊ &i@ԮDMS|5+ꥊv"''FSw#D':1p|vqIs &WCNl=&(Evvl!O wm@sGbo]~=$ Je6&U*T]xA hSķ x٥/֐.D d{QHR@Lf•mXNzZצ9qPs'!+@G^-zSwOPr6,_-V U}&׵v-b:CȺ^s-xJhXS)J`&7~]CLHΝILx꿴cJ!PdߩxGP} -=읙%ow]I` zksB@tF{lK'A=\M "%} 3@Ěg| EqESŢٲ ؞M9A7VwtpSUi!i, mXթdoAS=2K ;;Uv$ ࿈8oi&We;k5EȠ yVLءQXjkĽR]ahK8vA.q<[z;^>yP&k?ؓy}=ܫS,W͍_L>i wYlk_@:Հk8l íG_Kq)Al zŁV78U;xjv= HL}J-2L)CVq|kqE/'E_$ V^]JI=9]P{JH?M[ -N!{n<|{;,FX.XmSds #z0Ŭ(]Jй^8Y?n,r7-C_/ZIPrn\żǙ9L9)t4P#FCM=uOB5 _ޜE5t1H:'xˑO }6h7g%pHWiMcb bYm+:r.o ?Hs@>F&Èsqb)bPAY~s˜vCܛy~ŒGUլۡxC]Jܙi" j2v!S1_~n07G֙butٖa73!'6`?tB!m1X7k6#pC=帝^p(cqR] q@ ژM7`KR5O|z\Q;D *9g(t5PZ*K#/󶜦?mPO '=wCx,Ƹqs4$rDvso' 1g'Qum9{c^FPx^ toi;ƶ D%{G5T Qv^fW|ZG\SioVQ3'ֵb&`XZBs:8X@+y x*k7եB/Ik7L6An.gMlyPNJޤ:>&2)"ZgLrψ7^Ch_dX.gZ563ȘFKz5:BafnWmey"$ A1 m14ۦ'rl@jHçbkEBBnyN#`F?O6_ .fG!)at6+|3a>Q~fo!vsKҜ$^ʦ#Ig(LVL{xcQ30_ϣ*8{U:+  ^*K1Z>X!yo!;xdK.JDk~W昹 }!Xh56o| mkBf xg:FQ>T ""}bە7Z?{&]Z}!-kfONJ6oƨ2:TVh+;VTO7]+\anb)%[lu◅lxjg*b$`Ӆg]*bPl<Er,gJknEH;)?s$FVo}!ԋV>gFQF2~ztщBZ{%mmQH5鑇6u^)E.,O'Y|x5S+Y͂JNW]{}Uh60 mPr ed 2˴&֚fd.Wư"=wsfw3@.o 4Uq%v1YWRqo6w%{@."zA [ 2LQ PDʽP0x{3,(gS}}\;0W&S#/aG4]hٶyyȲnE@ʔlXqើ~ԌڴZc9`*;Ww8,GܣC R\iS+I!.&?X/Hk秅emKzН '-(&}OTn1`F5mjS#(}tU}[I)\\8xcgn3VkcSR`E*{Di٫vSϫ^oGJ!bxב@I-І;|\o8^Uߪ@P+&rO雷@Vhޭg<{W.@ӿb QJCwgߔre3vo'a\?o76FWY2ߨw"9 H$TN τ9pUYpkwG$Ȓ(vicղ|s@Z'ȽWPMbk?t6!\:HDŽZ"C%p*,}+>izu;BdlGd+RrEhDzkzr7MK[M.stO$s{OjݒW^1MNp"1C'ν̞~2idloQc 4պhܵ\NHGv",bYE̎*^CZltMF3{۔Q`TO͢_z>?ڶ#'!x2S{#/`j52xҐ >NQ%"K@0~GVL;_,uM='m㮻9 Kå r259tļ]2>Ssd6Y qD.ǭ+@D7sc cҺn#p y ·͞\fS90C8tڒyli٭e?U/<љK(S1 F?GR:O\j;cϴ@Vo@3sHz=14l1tNO <00NΝs I$wfzG0jdGmoKŖk2F>hR|v 7b5X#dOΧa]u|<4jHw/7Ѷ|oR}o`<"e[J#*ĤLH$̠eb#|Q`۽g11–gm7#/zIijfp;T5hPQ8S=Cr#KU֛ CAQ*I0`@6,aa}!$5*NwsTB53+‘$.6'v_B-3/E}D_nH3&dzhEgPMcƆH',؇n"3pWP* q 鮺2q7!PgU#ߨDʇ-b'R/WQa#, 蟃AGq$ҷCXr;/.MpX;\>JYTa6hn5Л"amkZ7toh/R^ }M9bړk^~3791kb[WY2(gd3L3 A&N7z<ҩӄ?3=Pࡅ6_Բ=ªò+bz /EOh/^U.*cy ݰk!zhԙY޹ʪ>L;2^@P_~Q_A0_+B>oXcB R_;Ǡs<vS3If1.[JNB&PV@H7GU:Mw5M+;P%ě/j Po~<} r]!:w.JL:ܾT0~'{yB4DDF3g$~Ӓy_iQb3KsaETipv-Ԕ4*:^uE]4j(L$^8+qK!zrgÃ՜IJ;#5!m;a#nhF).ڑ9 9&;UVĨ:ID6cXnZ'fem; M +.O@`qMT%+ _IC>EQKS pR |Z~Fw;Ņ E_ =V?Z#`cBX܂w3e *הlz.n^Pvs/lMZӻg'̜c\SݺAGP{xI68:{ Ո%*zM+f!?9'?|mBAoψw{u࿨ktwoť,DAQjӸh7Dd:]`Oq?_쉨+2}Iֆi{c;9 W.زNrx%Ċ`i ~ۈs ̭K g,[tqX>%ڀU k{u[[$.y70.$8IF.#xR} N40~ . `vo%Am{8{Tc!\Q :VU=|r\NWqokFʻ.JYz'pduAEmRi(8tS6#Y6;\2mRCke`Fq 'M<7y9 ݱkh|Gُ\` >.Ijz'oV#ґˎ)]pYuň5tu_{Շr@"eU'rOFNY |YaA##êUgoۡȲZYoG#s3W "P./ek)*"( Ȱ0{::ݰZn%t2 %\cVE$(Ÿ́ {F|U7PN}iMلS^bFVR?71&,C,v MK#J" 72S顦>9\4;Xv#f;H}D)Ub["WhpCWUuK;sСn?\Gق(4n_xGR'Mm1woѴ Lχ>?)8 ٵ.nv*-[F7LW#lFU]\Tz$NJlmL~L!{9I 8k.j2Jʽjvh2Mpr:F=e'E"ƎT=omJĖ7F]6&BΗ՚N= ֫-7 d%P0Ϫ}=AE` v[[)ۍlTOlgk+']i` !݂cI..b/|R),ȈkyPY#\x)'gϾT!7>௲#?)BI#4<.HV2v8Fk2pBRU4X[[1'(-ޱk_'+ ՙkߓy|,%;qn]9{?T_g *gPjkٹ5$ eKIZ6_)3$" R[`ޓe! 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