[国会纪录卷163，第159（2017年10月4日，周三）] [参议院] [网页的S6316-S6317]印度尼西亚莱希。主席先生，我想关于由国务卿有关，除其他事项外印尼军方内最近的一份报告，有罪不罚简单说说。这一直是我关注的问题，以及其他许多人，几十年了。参议院报告114-290，伴随会计年度2017年综合拨款法案的组j，要求国务卿对印尼军方采取的步骤提交一份报告，1号，拒绝晋升，退出现役暂停，并/或起诉和惩罚谁侵犯人权，以进一步缩小军队的使命和制定适当的国防预算执行这项任务的军官;2号，与民事司法当局侵犯人权的决心案件合作;3号，实施改革，增加军事预算和运作的透明度和问责制，实现军事企业的撤资;和第4号，允许巴布亚通行无阻;尊重巴布亚适当程序和表达，关联的自由，并且组件;与释放巴布亚和Moluccans监禁和平的政治活动。秘书长提交了关于2017年9月12日这份报告，它包含的信息是令人不安和失望。 Indonesia became a democracy after many years of brutal, corrupt dictatorship under President Suharto. He had the unwavering support of the Indonesian military, which was responsible for widespread atrocities not only against Indonesian citizens who opposed Suharto but later against the [[Page S6317]] people of East Timor and Papua. He was also a Cold War ally of the United States. Suharto is gone, and Indonesia has changed for the better. It remains an important ally of the United States, but no democracy can achieve its potential without an independent judiciary and security forces that are professional and accountable or that fails to defend such fundamental rights as freedom of expression and association. While the Indonesian military is no longer the criminal enterprise it was during the Suharto period, impunity for past crimes remains the norm. As the Secretary of State's report notes, the Government of Indonesia continues to take inadequate steps to hold members of the Indonesian military accountable for human rights violations. One stark example includes the reemergence on active duty and promotions of several former members of the Special Forces' Rose Team, who were convicted in 1999 of kidnapping pro-democracy activists. In another deplorable incident, the Government of Indonesia appointed as the head of the Armed Forces Strategic Intelligence Agency a military officer who was convicted in 2003 for the murder of prominent Papuan civil society leader Theys Eluay. Furthermore, military-related entities, such as foundations and cooperatives, continue to hold large amounts of land and other properties and businesses, despite the government's claim that the military has largely divested itself of private enterprises. Military personnel are still not subject to civilian judicial authorities. Instead, they are tried by military tribunals which lack transparency and often grant much shorter prison sentences than any credible judicial authority would deem appropriate. Although four district courts are authorized to adjudicate cases involving human rights violations, none of them have heard or ruled on any human rights cases since 2005. Simply authorizing changes or espousing rhetoric without following up with tangible action makes a mockery of the concept of reform. Other findings in the report are also illustrative of a resistance to reform. For example, the report states, ``Indonesian law provides that military prosecutors are accountable to the Supreme Court. In practice, however, they are responsible to the Indonesian Armed Forces for the application of laws.'' With respect to the Moluccas and Papua, the report states that ``according to international NGO reports, approximately 10 Moluccan independence activists, who were arrested in 2007, remain in custody. . . In January 2015, a court sentenced Simon Siya, a leader in the Moluccan independence movement, to five years in prison on treason charges. He remains in prison. The court also sentenced seven others to two-to-three years for displaying a banned separatist flag during a peaceful pro-independence demonstration in 2014. . . NGOs in Papua continued to report widespread monitoring of their activities by intelligence officials as well as indirect threats and intimidation.'' Accusing people of being traitors and imprisoning them for peacefully supporting self-determination is itself a violation of human rights. Indonesia has come a long way since the dark days of President Suharto, but when it comes to military reform, it has fallen far short. In January 2018, it will be 10 years since Suharto's death; yet the military remains a largely opaque, unaccountable institution that has not even acknowledged the extent of its responsibility for past crimes. That needs to change. ____________________