[国会记录第160卷，第150号（2014年12月10日星期三）][参议院][第S6541-S6542页]来自国会记录在线，通过政府印刷局[www.gpo.gov]提交的决议——参议院第596号决议——表达参议院对印度尼西亚和解的必要性以及美国政府披露1965-66年期间大规模屠杀事件的意识。新墨西哥州的乌达尔先生提交了以下决议；提交给外交关系委员会：S.Res.596，而在1965年10月1日，六名印尼陆军将领被军事人员杀害，其中包括印尼总统卫队成员，这些杀害被归咎于印尼共产党，并被贴上“共产主义政变未遂”的标签；鉴于这场所谓的政变被用来为大规模杀害所谓的印尼共产党支持者辩护，估计死亡人数在50万至100万之间；鉴于目标个人主要是手无寸铁的平民，通常包括工会成员、知识分子、教师、华人和参与妇女运动的人；鉴于这些杀害和监禁多达1000000名目标个人的行为没有经过适当的法律程序；鉴于目标个人受到法外处决、酷刑、强奸、强迫失踪、强迫劳动和强迫驱逐；鉴于美国中央情报局在1968年的一项研究报告中将这一时期描述为二十世纪最严重的大屠杀之一；鉴于美国政府在大规模杀戮期间向印度尼西亚军队提供了财政、军事和情报支持，并意识到此类杀戮发生在国务院历史“美国外交关系”部分解密文件中，与这一时期有关的；鉴于，在大规模杀戮事件发生后，军事领导人苏哈托就任总统几个月内，美国政府开始向苏哈托的军事政权提供经济和军事支持，并在巩固权力方面发挥了不可或缺的作用；鉴于对苏哈托政府的援助持续了30多年，尽管苏哈托政府不断犯下危害人类罪，包括在入侵和随后24年占领东帝汶期间的大规模杀戮和其他严重侵犯人权行为；正如2012年印度尼西亚国家人权委员会报告所指出的，1965-66年大规模杀戮的肇事者基本上生活在有罪不罚的情况下，受害者的幸存者和后代继续遭受经济上的歧视，几十年来公民和政治权利受到限制；鉴于美国政府尚未完全解密这一时期的所有相关文件，充分披露有助于澄清1965年至1966年期间在印度尼西亚犯下的暴行；鉴于美国政府近年来支持解密和公布文件，以支持智利和巴西等国发生暴力事件后的真相与和解努力；鉴于就过去所指控的危害人类罪和侵犯人权行为进行公开对话，对于继续努力使印度尼西亚人民和解，确保稳定、可持续的和平，造福于该区域及其以外地区，具有重要意义；鉴于，印度尼西亚在过去二十年中经历了显著的民主转型，是世界上穆斯林人口最多的第三大民主国家；鉴于印度尼西亚人民通过自由和公平的选举选出了新的领导人，他们现在有机会与该国充满活力的民间社会、新闻界、学术界和人权活动家建立一种问责文化；鉴于美国和印度尼西亚之间的关系牢固，涉及许多共同利益，如2010年美国-印度尼西亚全面伙伴关系所反映的，包括民主和公民社会、教育、安全、气候和环境、能源以及贸易和投资；鉴于美国和印度尼西亚之间的经济关系良好，双边货物贸易额超过27000000000美元，且主要美国公司在印度尼西亚进行了大量长期投资；鉴于美国和印度尼西亚之间的牢固关系对两国都有利：因此，现在，如果有决议，参议院——（1）谴责1965-66年印度尼西亚的大屠杀；[[第S6542页]]（2）对在此期间实施犯罪的人缺乏责任感表示极大关注；（3） 敦促印度尼西亚政治领导人consider a truth, justice, and reconciliation commission to address alleged crimes against humanity and other human rights violations, and to work to mend differences and animosity that remain after the 1965-66 mass killings; and (4) calls on the Department of State, the Department of Defense, the Central Intelligence Agency, and others involved in developing and implementing policy towards Indonesia during this time period to establish an interagency working group to-- (A) locate, identify, inventory, recommend for declassification, and make available to the public all classified records and documents concerning the mass killings of 1965 and 1966, including records and documents pertaining to covert operations in Indonesia from January 1, 1964 through March 30, 1966; (B) coordinate with Federal agencies and take such actions as necessary to expedite the release of such records to the public; and (C) submit a report to Congress describing all such records, the disposition of such records, and the activities of the Interagency Group. Mr. UDALL of New Mexico. Mr. President, our Nation and Indonesia enjoy a strong relationship, reflected in the U.S.-Indonesia Comprehensive Partnership of 2010. This partnership is robust and growing. It serves both of our countries for bilateral, regional, and global cooperation. The election of President Widodo in July was a step forward--part of a great democratic tradition--over the past two decades in Indonesia. We are working together for economic growth, for the environment, and for our security. This is progress--and to be encouraged. Indonesia has a major role to play as a regional and global leader, but in that role it must be an inclusive democracy. Key to this is to address past human rights abuses--specifically the mass murders committed in 1965 to 1966. Next year is the 50th anniversary of those killings. I rise today, International Human Rights Day, to submit a resolution concerning those events, which Indonesia's own Human Rights Commission has labeled a crime against humanity. But let me be clear. This is not a censure of the people of Indonesia or Indonesia's new government; it is an opportunity for justice and for reconciliation. The events took place decades ago. The reasons behind them are complex, but that cannot justify the past or forgetting those who suffered under it, nor can we ignore our own government's role during that time. My resolution proposes two things: First, I urge Indonesia's new government to create a truth and reconciliation commission to address these crimes. Second, I urge our own government to establish an interagency working group and to release relevant classified documents. We should make clear what was known to us, and we should make this information available. It is a painful history to recall. On October 1, 1965, six Indonesian Army generals were killed. According to scholars, these generals were killed by military personnel, but their deaths were blamed on Indonesia's Communist Party, which was used to justify mass murders. The next few months were horrific for the Indonesian people. The CIA has called it one of the worst periods of mass murder in the 20th century. Hundreds of thousands were killed. Many others were imprisoned, tortured, raped, starved, and disappeared across the country. These individuals were targeted for their alleged association with communism, but they came from all walks of life, including women's groups, teachers, intellectuals, and others. Most were unarmed, and none had due process of law. The United States provided financial and military assistance during this time and later, according to documents released by the State Department, and General Suharto consolidated his power, ruling from 1967 to 1998. Some may ask, why is this resolution needed? Why now? This is why. The survivors and descendents of victims continue to be marginalized. Many of the killers continue to live with impunity. Very few Americans are aware of these historical events or our government's actions during this time. These events demand our attention and resolution as we work together to build a strong Asia-Pacific partnership. I am proud to serve on the Senate Foreign Relations Committee. An important goal is the development of peaceful, stable democracies-- democracies that provide security and hope to their own people and economic opportunity for businesses in my State and across the United States. Indonesia is the world's third-largest democracy. Its population is diverse. It has the largest Muslim majority population in the world. It has faced many challenges and continues to move forward. A strong U.S.- Indonesia relationship benefits both of our countries. I offer this resolution in support of that relationship and Indonesia's continued progress as a growing democracy and a vital U.S. ally. ____________________