[国会记录：2006年5月25日（参议院）] [第S5296]迈克尔海登一般奥巴马先生提名。主席先生，让我首先说明留胡子的提名是对我来说是一个艰难的。我一般来说，通常，据称，总统应该能够任命他的工作人员的内阁成员，以普通遗嘱就没有国会的过度障碍而被提名的职位。哈耶登将军非常合适的职位。以前曾担任国家安全局负责人，担任约翰内尔多内特下的国家情报局长，他有30年的情报和国家安全事项经验。他几乎普遍称赞在他对副民主党的确认期间。智力委员会有几名成员，包括参议员Levin，我认为尊重的人，他认为Hayden将军一直展示了这一独立性，使他成为一名优秀的CIA总监。不幸的是，海登将军被提名在令人痛苦的情况下，作为窃听和FISA疏忽之外的电话记录的综合措施的建筑师和首席捍卫者。这是一个仍然对任何人负责，也不是法律。现在，国会上没有人不希望布什总统拥有各种工具，以防止恐怖袭击 - 包括使用监督程序。 Every single American--Democrat and Republican and Independent--who remembers the images of falling towers and needless death would gladly support increased surveillance in order to prevent another attack. But over the last 6 months, Americans have learned that the National Security Agency has been spying on Americans without judicial approval. We learned about this not from the administration, not from the regular workings of the Senate Intelligence Committee, but from the New York Times and USA Today. Every time a revelation came out, President Bush refused to answer questions from Congress. This is part of a general stance by this administration that it can operate without restraint. President Bush is interpreting article II of the Constitution as giving him authority with no bounds. The Attorney General and a handful of scholars agree with this view, and I do not doubt the sincerity with which the President and his lawyers believe in their constitutional interpretation. However, the overwhelming weight of legal authority is against the President on this one. This is not how our Constitution is designed, to give the President unbounded authority without any checks or balances. We do not expect the President to give the American people every detail about a classified surveillance program, but we do expect him to place such a program within the rule of law and to allow members of the other two coequal branches of Government--Congress and the judiciary-- to have the ability to monitor and oversee such a program. Our Constitution and our right to privacy as Americans require as much. Unfortunately, we were never given the chance to make that examination. Time and again, President Bush has refused to come clean to Congress. Why is it that 14 of 16 members of the Intelligence Committee were kept in the dark for 4\1/2\ years? The only reason that some Senators are now being briefed is because the story was made public in the newspapers. Without that information, it is impossible to make the decisions that allow us to balance the need to fight terrorism while still upholding the rule of law and privacy protections that make this country great. Every democracy is tested when it is faced with a serious threat. As a nation, we have had to find the right balance between privacy and security, between executive authority to face threats and uncontrolled power. What protects us, and what distinguishes us, are the procedures we put in place to protect that balance; namely, judicial warrants and congressional review. These are not arbitrary ideas. They are not new ideas. These are the safeguards that make sure surveillance has not gone too far, that somebody is watching the watchers. The exact details of these safeguards are not etched in stone. They can be reevaluated, and should be reevaluated, from time to time. The last time we had a major overhaul of the intelligence apparatus was 30 years ago in the aftermath of Watergate. After those dark days, the White House worked in a collaborative way with Congress through the Church Committee to study the issue, revise intelligence laws, and set up a system of checks and balances. It worked then, and it could work now. But, unfortunately, thus far, this administration has made no effort to reach out to Congress and tailor FISA to fit the program that has been put in place. I have no doubt that General Hayden will be confirmed. But I am going to reluctantly vote against him to send a signal to this administration that even in these circumstances, even in these trying times, President Bush is not above the law. No President is above the law. I am voting against Mr. Hayden in the hope that he will be more humble before the great weight of responsibility that he has not only to protect our lives but to protect our democracy. Americans fought a Revolution in part over the right to be free from unreasonable searches--to ensure that our Government could not come knocking in the middle of the night for no reason. We need to find a way forward to make sure we can stop terrorists while protecting the privacy and liberty of innocent Americans. We have to find a way to give the President the power he needs to protect us, while making sure he does not abuse that power. It is possible to do that. We have done it before. We could do it again. Mr. President, I yield back the remainder of my time. The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Senator from New York. Mr. SCHUMER. Mr. President, I ask unanimous consent that I be allowed to speak for 5 minutes before the Senator from Michigan speaks--he has graciously agreed to allow me to do that--and then he be given as much time as he needs. The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without objection, it is so ordered. Mr. SCHUMER. Thank you, Mr. President. I want to first, again, thank Senator Carl Levin, who I know has been graciously acceding all night. So he will be the last person to speak here, but I very much appreciate it. And I know all of my colleagues do. ____________________