新中国SSBN部署到海南岛

By Hans M. Kristensen

The Chinese navy has deployed a Jin-class (Type 094) ballistic missile submarine to a new base near Yulin on Hainan Island on the South China Sea, according to a satellite image obtained by FAS. The image shows the submarine moored at a pier close to a large sea-entrance to an underground facility.

另外，可见的是一个独特的新建码头，似乎是潜艇的消极式码头。

A dozen tunnels to underground facilities are visible throughout the base compound.

The satellite image, which has also beendescribedinJane’s Defense Weekly, was taken by the QuickBird satellite on February 27, 2008, and purchased by FAS from DigitalGlobe.

The Arrival of the Jin-Class Submarine

The dimensions of the submarine in the satellite image are similar to the Jin-class SSBN Ispottedat Xiaopingdao Submarine Base in July 2007 and the two Jin-class SSBNs I检测到at the Bohai shipyard in October 2007.

据信中国已经推出了两个Jin-Class SSBN，其中三分之一可能正在建设中。美国情报界estimatesthat China might possibly build five SSBNs if it wants to have a near-continuous deterrent at sea. Of course, it is not known whether China plans to operate its SSBNs that way. See Figure 1 for the location of the submarine.

Figure 1: Yulin (Sanya) Naval Base

FAS从DigitalGlobe购买的一张新的卫星照片显示了Hainan Island的Yulin（Sanya）海军基地的中国Jin-Class SSBN。其他码头位于照片的左侧框架之外。单击图像以获取较大的照片。北向。

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Missile loadout of the SSBN will probably take place at pierside at the main pier to the left of the narrow triple-pier where the submarine is seen, unless the underground facility is large enough to permit such operations out of satellite view. Not yet visible at the base is a dry dock large enough to accommodate an SSBN; the Northern Fleet submarine base at Jianggezhuang has a dry dock.

New DemagnetizationFacility

One of the most interesting new additions to the base is what appears to be a submarine demagnetization facility (see Figure 2). Located in the southern part of the base and connected by pier to a facility on a small island, the demagnetization facility closely resembles such facilities at U.S. SSBN bases. Demagnetization is conducted before deployment to removeresidual magnetic fields in the metal of the submarine为了使其他潜艇和表面船更难检测。江岛基地没有撤销设施，因此对于中国来说似乎是一种新的能力。

Figure 2: New Submarine Demagnetization Facility

Since 2005, what appears to be a submarine demagnetizationfacility has been added to the base. Click on image for larger photo.

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Underground Facilities

The base has extensive underground facilities. The most obvious is a large portal over a sea-entrance to what is probably an underground facility. The entrance appears to be approximately 3 meters (15 feet) wider than a similar entrance at the Northern Fleet Jianggezhuang Naval Base (see Figure 3 for comparison).

图3： Submarine Caves at Yulin and Jianggezhuang

The submarine cave entrance at Yulin Naval Base (top) is approximately 3 meters wider than the one at Jianggezhuang Naval Base. Click on image for larger photo of the Yulin entrance. Description of theJianggezhuang设施is available这里.

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Although the interior of the facility is not known, it probably includes a canal at least the length of one submarine as well as halls for handling or possibly storing equipment as well as rooms for personnel. Directly on the other side of the mountain are several land-entrances that might connect to the central facility as well, although none of this is known for sure. Two of those entrances appear from their shadows to be very tall structures (see Figure 4).

图4： 尤林海军基地的隧道

至少可见到地下设施的十几个隧道，包括山区东侧的一些非常高的隧道，这些山口是海底洞穴的。单击图像以获取较大的照片。

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Some Implications

SSBN基础啊n Hainan Island will probably be seen as a reaffirmation of China’s ambitions to develop a sea-based deterrent. To what extent the Chinese navy will be capable of operating the SSBNs in a way that matters strategically is another question. China’s first SSBN, the Xia, was no success and never sailed on a deterrent mission. As a consequence, the Chinese navy hasvirtually no tactical experiencein operating SSBNs at sea. Yet the Jin-class and the demagnetization facility on Hainan Island show they’re trying.

The location of the base is important because the Indian government already has pointed to a future threat from Chinese missile submarines operating in the South China Sea or Indian Ocean. The arrival of the Jin-class in Hainan will probably help sustain India’s own SSBN program. For China to sail an SSBN into the India Ocean and operate it there in a meaningful way, however, will be very difficult and dangerous in a crisis. Chinese SSBNs are more likely to stay close to home.

海南岛（Hainan Island）的基地靠近深水，一些分析师建议这将支持潜艇巡逻，从而更好地支持了江吉津北部舰队基地的运营。当然，如果水很浅，潜艇不能完全淹没，它将限制操作，但是深水与普遍的看法相反，不一定是一个优势。军事潜水艇通常并不是为了深入400-600米而设计的，因此很大的海洋深度可能几乎没有价值。美国海军在开阔的海洋中有几十年的经验。浅水更具挑战性。南中国海是美国攻击潜艇的繁忙地区，这些潜艇已无限制地进入海南岛附近的水域。如果在Jin-Class SSBN到达海南岛时没有美国的“影子”，我会感到惊讶。

Additional information:Chinese Nuclear Forces and U.S. Nuclear War Planning|中国潜艇巡逻于2007年反弹，但仍然有限|中国新ssbn仔细看看